Medical Retina & Vitreoretinal

Question 1

Von Hippel-Lindau?

A) Inheritance Pattern + Defect
B) Primary Features
C)What is it?

Answer 1

A) Autosomal Dominant, C3p
B) Retinal capillary haemangioma, Pheochromocytoma, CNS haemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma
C) Hereditary AD condition of Abnormal growth of blood vessels in organs (rich blood supply) characterised by formation of tumours and cysts.

Question 2

What is the most common eye tumour in adults?

Answer 2

Chorodial Melanoma.

Uveal tract malignant melanoma
Liver metastic spread + dVA + Exudative retinal detachment
Collar-stud formation (Bruch’s membrane rupture)

Question 3

Sickle Cell Retinopathy?

5 Stages of the Goldberg staging?

Answer 3

Proliferative retinopathy 
1 - Peripheral arteriolar occlusions
2 - AV anastomosis
3 - Sea fan neovascularisation 
4 - Vitreous Haemorrhage
5 - Retinal detachment

Question 4

Name Non-proliferative changes secondary to SCD and indications?

4 Marks]

Answer 4

Salmon patches - Preretinal/superficial haemorrhages

Black sunbursts - Patches of RPE hyperplasia

Macular depression sign - Macular ischaemia and atrophy

Comma shaped conjunctival vessels - Ischaemic iris atrophy

Question 5

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)

KEY EXAMINATION FINDING?

Answer 5

Foveal ‘Cherry Red Spot’

Question 6

What’s the main differences between CRAO vs. CRVO?

Answer 6

CRVO - optic disc swelling and extensive haemorrhages in all quadrants.

CRAO -A pale retina and often a ‘cherry red spot’ - the fovea still looks dark/red as it has a dual blood supply.

Question 7

CRVO Risk Factors?

Answer 7

Sudden painless loss of vision.
Retinal haemorrhages seen on fundoscopy

Increasing age, Glaucoma, Polycythaemia