Ocular Pharm Flashcards
How much of drops are lost to evaporation
25%
Bioavability
The percent of unchanged drug that gets to the desired site.
Tear layer characterisitics
Lipid=lipid soluble. Aqeuous=water mucus=both
Corneal layer characteritis
End and epi=lipid. Stroma=water
What type of drugs with penetrate best
small, uncharged, lipid soluble molecules. Most formulated as weak bases.
What route has the best bioavaliblity
IV
Where are parasympathetic cell bodies located
Cranial sacral. PCS.
Where are sympathetic cell bodies located
Thoracic-lumbar.
NT for preganglionin in Para
Acetylcholine
NT for pre ganglion in symp
Acetylcholine
Which autonomic pathway has longer post ganlgionic
sympathetic
NT for post ganglion Para
acetylcholine
NT for post ganglion sympathetic
norepinerphein and epinerphine.
Functions of para
SLUDGE
Dilator of iris sympathetic function and receptor
alpha 1. Dilates
CB vasculature SNS function and receptor
Alpha 2. Decreaes aqeuosu
CM vascualrture SNS function and recptor
B2. relaxes
TM SNS function and recetpro
B2. Increases outflow
NPCE SNS function and receptor
B1 and B2. Increases outflow.
What structures in the eye receive Parasympathetic innervation?
Iris, CB, and lacrimal gland.
Pilocarpine
Direct acting cholinergic agonist. First every glaucoma drug. Stimulates the longitudinal fibers of the CB which pulls on the scleral spur and opens up the TM.
What pilio do you use with Aidies
0.125%
SE of pilocarpine
brow ache, HA, myopic shift, can cause angle closure or RD or cataracts.
Edrophonium (Enlon)
Used to diagnose MG. If ptosis improves know it is MG.
Neostigmine (prostigmin)
Treatment for MG or limb strength evaluation.
Echothiophate (phospholine)
Irreversible ACHE inhibitors. Can be used to diagnose or treat accommodative esotropia.
Pyridostigmine (mestinon)
Used to treat MG.
Pralidoxime
Used for overdose of indirect cholinergic agonists. Only works with irreversible (echothiphate)