Ocular Motility

Question 1

How are cyclotorsions named

Answer 1

By the top movement in relation to the nose

Question 2

The angle of SO

Answer 2

54

Question 3

The angle of IO

Answer 3

51

Question 4

The angle of SR and iR

Answer 4

23

Question 5

Spiral of Tillaux

Answer 5

The insertion of the recti muscles.

Question 6

Hering’s Law

Answer 6

Yoked muscles. Eyes in separate eyes must receive equal innervation

Question 7

Sherrington’s law

Answer 7

Antagonist muscles of the same eye must relax together like biceps and tricepts

Question 8

Microsaccades

Answer 8

Intentional conjugate eye movements that move the fovea back and forth on an object of interest after microdifts and micro tremors cause drifting

Question 9

Microtremors

Answer 9

Unintenial disconjuctae eye movements. Tastes of the three eye movements.

Question 10

Microdrifts

Answer 10

Disconjugate, unintentional eye movements that are larger and slower than micro tremors.

Question 11

VOR

Answer 11

Stabilizes images on the retain during brief head movement by producing eye movements in the opposite direction. Stimulated by endolymph in the semicircular canals. Will fade after 30 seconds of duration and OKR will take over with constant motion.

Question 12

Oculocephalic testing (doll’s head)

Answer 12

Moving the head and watching conjugate eye movements in the opposite direction

Question 13

Caloric test

Answer 13

Put cold or warm water in a patients ear. Named for the fast phase COWS.

Question 14

Nystagmus

Answer 14

An involuntary back and forth movement in one or both eyes.

Question 15

Jerk nystagmus

Answer 15

slow and fast phase. The slow phase is a drift and the fast phase is a correction.

Question 16

Pendular nystagmus

Answer 16

even back and forth movement of the eyes

Question 17

Congenital (infantile) nystagmus

Answer 17

Present at birth or before age 6. Affects Males more.

Question 18

Latent nystagmus

Answer 18

congenital, conjugate jerk nystagmus that increase in velocity and amplitude when one eye is occluded. Associated with essential infantile esotropia and amblyopia.

Question 19

Spasm nutans

Answer 19

Nystagmus that develops 4-12 months after birth and resolves in 2-8 years. Disconjugate low amplitude pendular nystagmus with head nodding.

Question 20

Convergence-retraction syndrome

Answer 20

an intermittent jerk nystagmus with a fast phase that causes convergence or retraction of the eyes.

Question 21

]See-saw nystagmus

Answer 21

elevation and intorsion of one eye with depression and extortion of the fellow eye.

Question 22

OKN

Answer 22

Maintains a stable image of a moving object when the head is still.

Question 23

OKR

Answer 23

Takes over for the VOR.

Question 24

Which direct of OKN is absent until 3-4 months of age

Answer 24

N to T.

Question 25

Saccades

Answer 25

very rapid yoked eye movements that move the fovea to the abject of interest. Once it has started int cannot change.

Question 26

What controls saccades

Answer 26

FEF in the frontal lobe contralaterally.

Question 27

What is ocular flutter and opsoclonus associated with

Answer 27

cerebellar diseases like MG, parkinson, and alzheimers.

Question 28

Square wave jerk

Answer 28

Rare saccades that inteerfer with fixation

Question 29

Ocular flutter

Answer 29

multiple spontaneous saccades

Question 30

opsoclonus

Answer 30

Advanced form where the saccades are not controlled.

Question 31

Pursuits latency and velocity

Answer 31

125 sec and 50 degrees per second

Question 32

pursuits latency and velocity

Answer 32

200 sec and 1,000 degrees per second.

Question 33

What controls pursuits

Answer 33

the ipsilateral parietal lobe

Question 34

vergence latency and velocity

Answer 34

160 sec and 10 degrees/sec.

Question 35

Tonic vergence

Answer 35

Eyes position at rest at distance without a stimulus to converge or accommodate. Measured as the best correct distance phobia.

Question 36

Proximal vergence

Answer 36

awareness that something is near

Question 37

Fusional vergence

Answer 37

initiated by retinal image disparity

Question 38

Accommodative vergence

Answer 38

initiated by blur

Question 39

comitant deviation

Answer 39

is it the same in all positions of gaze. Due to decompensated phobia.

Question 40

Primary deviation

Answer 40

The deviation of the paretic eye when the normal eye is fixating

Question 41

Secondary deviaiton

Answer 41

The devotion of the normal eye when the paretic eye is fixating. Always greater!

Question 42

Red lens testing

Answer 42

Put red lens in front of one eye with a penlight and see where the red light is in relation to the penlight in all different positions of gaze.

Question 43

Hess Lancaster test

Answer 43

Red lens over the normal fixating eye. The examiner has a red flashlight (viewed by the normal eye) and the patient is given a green flashlight. Then they must match with the red and green flashlight.

Question 44

Forced ductions

Answer 44

Positive indicates a restriction. Negative indicates a presis.

Question 45

Duane’s retraction syndrome

Answer 45

CN III controls the MR and LR. Most commonly L eye and females. Type I: Limited ABduction. Type II: limited ADDuction Type III: limited ABDuction and ADDuction. All three types have globe tretration on ADDuctioin.

Question 46

Brown’s syndrome

Answer 46

mr. brown can go down but he can’t go back up. Small hypotropia in primary gaze.