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Microbiology > Ocular Parasites > Flashcards

Ocular Parasites Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are chlamydia

A

Small bacteria without a cell wall

Obligate intracellular bacteria that can only grow within eukaryotic host cell

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2
Q

Onset and treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

1 week

14d tetracycline

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3
Q

How do chlamydia divide?

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

What serotype of chlamydia causes trachoma? What amino acid do they require

A

A-C

REquire tryptophan

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5
Q

What serotypes cause adult inclusion conjunctivitis

A

D-K

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6
Q

What do serotypes L1, L2, L3 cause? What amino acid do they require

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Require methionine

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7
Q

What is the infectious form of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Elemental body - infectious form attacehs to host cell

Enclosed in cytoplasmic vesicle inside the host cell

Spared lysosmal degradation

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8
Q

What is the replicative form of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Reticulate body - forms after 6-8h inside host cell

Divides for 24h then returns to elemental form

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9
Q

How is chalmydia diagnosed?

A

Giemsa staining

Identifies basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

ISolated from swabs transported in sucrose phosphate and inoculated on to McCoy cells

ELISA to detect inclusions

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10
Q

How is chalmydia treated?

A

Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Rifampicin
Asithromycin
Sulphonamides

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11
Q

What are protozoa

A

Unicellular eukaryotic parasites

E.g. toxoplasma gondii, acanthamoeba

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12
Q

What is toxoplasma gondii

A

Intracellular parasite
Host is cat

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13
Q

How can toxoplasma be spread?

A

Faecal spread of sporocysts from cat host, ingestion of uncooked meats or inhalation
Vertical transmission

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14
Q

What is the lifecycle of toxoplasma?

A

Conversion of asexuallyy produced merozites to gametoccytes in cat intestinal epithelium

Microgametes produce oocysts - ecreted in faeces and spore in soil

eggs become infective after spourlation and ingenstion by intermediate host

Ingested sporozoites develop into tachyzoites in intermediate host
Divide rapidly and travel to the lymph nodes in WBCs

Extraintestical spread to skeletal muscle, brain, heart, eye

Merozoites
Haemtocytes
Ooccysts
Sporozoites
Tachyzoites -infective form
Bradyzoites - tissue cyst latent form

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15
Q

How is toxoplasma treated

A

Pyrimethamine
Sulphadiazine
Clindamycin

steroid therapy for ocular inflammation

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16
Q

What is acanthamoeba

A

Protozoa found in public water, swimming pools, hot tubs, fresh water ponds, lakes, bottled mineral water, soil

Cause indolent cornea ulceration

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17
Q

Who does acanthamoeba most commonly affect

A

Soft contact lens wearers

18
Q

How does acanthaemoeba keratitis occur

A

Amoeba attaches to epithlelial surface
Epithelial defect may assist in adherence - mannose binding lectin
Stromal changes due to collagenase activity

19
Q

What does acanthamoeba grow on?

A

Non-nutrient agar covered with killed E.coli

20
Q

What are the forms of acanthamoeba?

A

Active trophozoite
Domran encysted form

21
Q

What is treatment fo acathamoeba?

A

Long

Antiseptic biocides

Polyhexamethylene biguanide PHMB

chlorhexidne

Aminoglycocides
Diaminideines
Imidazoles

22
Q

What is the immmune response to helminth infection

A

Antibody prodcution
Complement activation
Marked type I hypersensitivity with IgE response, mast cell degranulation, eosinophilia

23
Q

What are classification of helminths

A

Trematodes - schistosoma
Cetodes - Taenia, Echinococcus
Nematodes - toxocara, filaria, onchocerce, trichinella

24
Q

What are schistosomes

A

Contracted from snails
Immature worms enter lugns and mature here before spreading haematogenously

Can cause a granulomatous reaction in the adenexae

25
Q

What cestodes can cause retinal detachemtn

A

TAenia solium

From pork

26
Q

What cestodes can cause orbital proptosis

A

Echinococcus granulosus

From dog faeces

27
Q

Causes of toxocarisis?

What does toxocara cani cause

A

Toxocara cnis
Toxocara cati
Round worms

Chorioretinitis and uveitis

28
Q

What antibody can be detected in acute phase of toxocara

A

IgM

29
Q

What is treatment of toxocara canis

A

Thiabendazole
Albendazole

30
Q

How is corneal epithelium damaged by acanthaemoeba

A

Mannose induced protein - protease with collagenase activity - daamges corneal epithlium

31
Q

What are filaria

A

Thread like parasites

Promote specific IgG and marked IgE

32
Q

What is onchocerciasis

A

River blindness

Most frequent helminth opthahlmic infection

33
Q

What spreads onchocerciasis

A

Black fly

Humans definitive host

34
Q

Life cycle of onchocerciasis

A

Microfilaria mature to infective larvae in black fly
Bites human - larvae transferred to skin
Haematogenous spread to eye - corneal and conj infectionW

35
Q

What is the inflammatory repsonse in onchocerciasis

A

Mazzotti reaction - infalmmation to dead or dying microfilarias

36
Q

How is onchocerciasis traeted?

A

Ivermectin

37
Q

How is onchocerciasis prevented?

A

Black fly eradication with DDT spraying of river basins

38
Q

What is Loa loa

A

TRansmitted by deer fly

Can infect eye in microfilarial stage and mature into adult worm

39
Q

What occurs in trchinella spiralis

A

Ingestion of udnercooked meat
LArvae infect EOM
Painful granulomatous reaction
IFnlammatory myositis
Intraocular spread - retinal haemorrhages, subretinal lesions, papilloedema

40
Q

How long can onchocerciasis last in skin?

A

30 months

Microbiology (10 decks)

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