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Microbiology > Important ocular viruses > Flashcards

Important ocular viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are examples of DNA viruses?

A

Herpes virus:
HSV
VZV
CMZ
EBV

Adenovirus (dsDNA)

Papovavirus HPV

Pox virus

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2
Q

What are examples of RNA viruses

A

Paramyxovirus - measles, mumps

Togavirus - rubella (ss)

Retrovirus
HTLV
HIV (Ss)

Orthovirus
Influenza

Picronavirus
Coxsackie

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3
Q

Structure of herpes virus

A

DS DNA
Icosahedral capsid

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4
Q

What are 4 herpes viruses

A

HSV
VZV
CMV
EBV

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5
Q

What are features of congenital CMV infection

A

Strabismus
Chorioretinitis
Microphthalmia
Childhood hepatitis
Post transfusion mononucleosis

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6
Q

What is rsik fo EBV?

A

TRansfor B lymphoblasts and associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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7
Q

What is adenovirus?

A

dsDNA
IScahedral capsid
No envelope

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8
Q

What is HPV

A

dsDNA

DNA arranged into circle molecule

Infects epithelial cells

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9
Q

What HPV are associated with benign conjunctival papilloma?

A

6 and 11

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10
Q

What HPV are associated with cancer

A

16 and 18

E2 gene regulates HPV, disruption of this gene results in production of E6 which forms complex with p53 TSG - oncogeneisis

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11
Q

What are pox virsues? What do they cause?

A

DNA virus grown in cytoplasm

Contain enzymes that allow replication independent of host cell

Molluscum contagiosum

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12
Q

What is rubella?
What congential defects occur with rubella?

A

Single stranded RNA virus - togavirs

Cataract
Microphthalmia
Salt and pepper retinitis
Glaucoma
Conductive deafness
EHar defects

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13
Q

What is measles?
What congential defects occur with measles?

A

Single stranded RNA virus - paramyxoviridae

Keratitis
Conjucntivitis
Cataract
ONH drusen
Diffuse pigmentary retinapthy

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14
Q

What is subacute sclerosin pancencephalitis

A

Late complication of acquired measles infection

6-8 years after infection

Memory, behaviour, visula impairment

Death in 1-3 years

Focal reitnitis
Papilloedema
Minimal vitritis

Raised IgG in plasma/CSF
EEG abnormality

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15
Q

What are oclular complications of mumps?

A

Dacroadenitis
EOM palsy

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16
Q

What are human T cell lymphotrophic viruses assocaited with?

A

T cell lymphoma
Progresive myelopathy
Uveitis in some ethnic groupsCa

17
Q

What is HTLV uveitis more common in

A

Japanese
African

18
Q

What genes regulate HTLV1 replciation

A

Tax and rex

19
Q

What cells does HIV infect

A

CD4

20
Q

Structure of HIV

A

Single strand RNA with reverse transcriptase

21
Q

What genes does HIV have?

A

Structural genes - envelope gene codes for glucoprotein enclosing viral particle

REgulatory genes - stimualte viral transcription and cause proliferation of adjacent healthy cells e.g. B cells and Kaposi sarcoma

Polymerase gene - for reverse trascriptase - creates DNA molecule from viral RNA - inc in human genome

22
Q

How can HIV be killed?

A

Strong acid and alkali (pH < 1 or >13)
Exposure to 10% bleach
50% ethanol

23
Q

How does HIV affect the immune system?

A

Binds to CD4 antigen and CXC chemokine receptors on CD4 cells

Leads to formation of a multinucleate cell and cell death

Cell mediated immune response diminished

Predisposed to infection and neoplasm

Latent virus is invisible to immune defences and mutates rapidly by antigenic shift

24
Q

When does HIV seroconversion occur?

A

4-12 weeks after acute infection

25
Q

How can HIV be detected?

A

HIV culture - co-culture with normal lymphocytes and IL2 presence
Reverse transcriptase assay

HIV antigen detection p24 at 2-3 weeks

HIV antibody - ELISA/Western blotting - IgG ad IgM

HIV nucleic acid
- PCR to amplify HIV RNA - ELISA detects genome to estimate viral load

26
Q

What level of CD4 count = AIDS

A

< 200per uL

27
Q

What are indicator diseases of AIDS

A

Peucmocystis carinii
CMV retinitis
Cryptococcus
Primary lymphoma of brain
Pulmonary TB
Invasive cervical carcinoma

28
Q

What is the purpose of HAART

A

Increase CD4 count and restore antigne specific responses

29
Q

hWhat is treatment of CMV retinitis?

A

Ganciclovir
Foscarnet
- maintenance therapy required

30
Q

What are the types of HAART?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitior

-vudine

Proteinase inhibitors

-vir

Prevent cleavage of viral precursor proteins producing immature non-infectious particles

Nucleoside analgoues
- chain terminators of HIV reverse transcriptase

Microbiology (10 decks)

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