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Microbiology > Ocular fungi > Flashcards

Ocular fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of fungi

A

Yeast - unicellular

Filamentous fungi - branching filaments called mycelium - absorb nutrients and produce spores

Dimorphic fungi (mixture of yeast and filamentous)

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2
Q

How do fungi stain

A

Gram positive

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3
Q

How are fungi cultures?

A

Sabouraud’s medium (glucose peptone agar)

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4
Q

What are examples of yeast fungi

A

Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans

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5
Q

What are examples of filamentous fungi

A

Aspergillus fumigates
Mucoraceae
Actinomyces israelii

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6
Q

What are examples of dimorphic fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of endogenous fungal endophthalmitisi

A

Candida albicans

From contanminated indwelling venous cathter

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8
Q

What are risk factors for candida infection

A

DM
Malignancy
Liver disease
Prolonged abx
Alcoholism
IVDU

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9
Q

Where is candida cultures

A

Sabouraud’s glucose media
Blood agar

Forms dome shaped creamy white colonies in 24-48h

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10
Q

What is found in pidgeon droppings? What can it cause

A

Cryptococcous neoformans

Inhalation can cause lung infection and haematological spread to meningoencephalitis and chronic endophthalmitis

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11
Q

What can aspergillus fumigatus cause?

A

Found in decomposing plant debris

Can cause aspegillosis if inhaled spores

Opportunistic pathogen, can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, granulomatous orbital inflammation

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12
Q

What is aspergilloma

A

Mass of mycelia found in lung cavities after healed TB, bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis

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13
Q

Where are mucoraceae found

A

Soil, air, vent systems, nose and pharynx

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14
Q

How do mucoraceae stain

A

Gomori methenamine-silver

Haematoxylin and eosin

PAS

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15
Q

When is mucormycosis seen?

A

Infextion by mucoraceae, in non-ketotic diabetic ketoacidosis and in chronic illness such as metaplastic cancer

May present as orbital cellulitis

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16
Q

What infection are sulphur granules seen?

A

Actinomyces - form white-yellow colonies - sulphur granules

17
Q

What is presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome?

A

Multifocal choroiditis associated with formation of cubretinal neovascular membranes - thought to be immunologically mediated in individuals exposed to histoplasma capsulatum

Sensitive to amphoterocin B and ketoconazole

18
Q

What stains detect fungal infections?

A

Giemsa
PAS
Grocott methenamine silver
Gram stain

19
Q

What culture used for detection of fungal infection?

A

Sabouraud

20
Q

What is treatment of yeast fungal keraittis

A

Amphoterocin

21
Q

What is treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis?

A

Natamycin

Microbiology (10 decks)

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