Ocular Disease Flashcards
Arlt’s line
Scarring on upper palpebral conjunctiva
* in trachoma
Signs of trachoma
- Art’s line (scarring on upper palpebral conjunctiva)
- Herbert’s pits (follicles on/around limbus)
Testing for preseptal cellulitis
- Optic nerve (no involvement)
- EOMS (no restrictions, if there is pain/restrictions=orbital cellulitis)
- Proptosis exophthalometer
- Fever and headaches
Tx for EKC
Cold compress
Good hygiene + pt education
* epidemic keratoconjunctivitis self resolving 2-3 weeks
* caused by adenovirus, transmitted via secretions (respiratory, ocular)
Which disease causes s-shaped ptosis?
Acute dacryoadenitis
* infection and/or inflammation of the lacrimal gland and can result in acute swelling and discomfort in upper lateral eyelid
Infectious agent of canaliculitis
Actinomyces Israeli
What is the estimated percentage of chemical ocular burns that occur in industrial settings?
66%
This statistic highlights the prevalence of chemical burns in occupational environments.
Name three symptoms of chemical burns.
- Normal or decreased vision
- Pain
- Foreign body sensation
Additional symptoms may include photophobia, tearing, and blepharospasm.
What are some signs of corneal damage in chemical burns?
- Mild superficial punctate keratitis (SPK)
- Sloughing off of the entire epithelium
- Conjunctival injection
- Chemosis
- Ciliary injection
- Anterior chamber reaction
- Conjunctival hemorrhages
- Scleral and limbal blanching
Severe burns may also increase intraocular pressure (IOP).
True or False: Alkali burns have a better prognosis than acidic burns.
False
Alkali burns raise tissue pH, leading to more severe damage.
Fill in the blank: Alkali burns are ______ compared to acidic burns because they raise tissue pH.
worse
This is due to the breakdown of fatty acids in cell membranes.
What are common alkali agents that can cause chemical burns?
- Ammonia
- Lye
- Magnesium hydroxide
- Lime
- Airbag residue
These substances are often found in household or industrial products.
List two common acidic agents that can cause chemical burns.
- Hydrofluoric acid
- Sulfuric acid
Other examples include nitric acid, chromic acid, and PAVA spray.
What is a notable characteristic of alkali burns regarding penetration?
Faster penetration (often less than 1 minute)
This rapid penetration contributes to the severity of the injury.
What symptom may indicate severe chemical burns?
Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
Severe burns can lead to complications affecting eye pressure.
Limbal blanching is a sign of _____ and is most common in alkali burns
Ischemia
* alkali injuries are more dangerous than acidic injuries
Symptoms of corneal abrasion
- Sharp pain (esp. after blinking)
- FBS
- photophobia
- tearing
- blurred vision
- mild anterior chamber reaction
- miotic pupil
Epidemiology of corneal abrasion
History of trauma (fingernail, tree branch)
What is retinoblastoma?
The most common primary intraocular malignancy in children
It represents about 3-4% of all childhood cancers.
What percentage of childhood cancers does retinoblastoma represent?
About 3-4%
This indicates its relative frequency among childhood cancers.
What is the incidence rate of retinoblastoma?
Occurs in about 1 in 17,000 live births
This statistic highlights its rarity.
At what age do most children present with retinoblastoma?
Before the age of 3
About 80% of diagnosed cases occur before this age.
Is an initial diagnosis of retinoblastoma over the age of 6 common?
Extremely rare
This underscores the typical age range for diagnosis.
What is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults?
Melanoma
This contrasts with retinoblastoma, which is primarily seen in children.