Oct '21 Flashcards
painless rectal bleeding in child <5 yo
meckel diverticulum
how to dx meckel diverticulum
T 99 pertechnetate scintiscan
peds dosing of IV fluids for hypotension
20 cc/kg
serologic marker showing Hep B vaccincation
Hep B surface antibody
which pathogen causes diarrhea in AIDS
cryptosporidium
MC visceral artery aneurysm
splenic artery aneurysm
what lab test correlates with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy?
CSF glutamine level
why are patients with crohns disease increased risk of nephrolithiasis?
fat malabsorpiton, fat accumulation in gut, fat binds Ca, leaving oxalate free to be absorbed and deposited in kidney
with diverticulitis, more likely for constipation or diarrhea?
constipation
complications of scarlet fever
acute rheumatic fever and post strep glomerulonephritis
abx for epiglottitis
third gen cephalosporin and vanc
classic EKG findings in tetrology of fallot?
RVH and right axis deviation
abx for acute uncomplicated bacterial prostatitis
cipro or bactrim for 14 days - 6 weeks
electrolyte abnormality that may cause an ileus
hypokalemia
what lab finding besides BUN and Cr are consistent with prerenal AKI?
Urine sodium <20 meq and FENa <1%
ingested button battery has gotten to the stomach, does it need emergent surgery?
no
what diseases are associated with anal fissures not in midline?
Crohns, HIV, leukemia, tuberculosis, and syphilis
first line therapy in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
glucocorticoids
older than 35, tx of epididymitis
bactrim or fluoroquinolone
another name for rectal prolapse
procidentia
what may help facilitate reduction of rectal prolapse
topical granulated sugar to remove some edema
medical tx of pseudo-obstruction?
neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
serious potential side effect of neostigmine for tx of pseudo-obstruction?
bradycardia and asystole
BUN:Cr is <10:1, likely where is the problem
intrinsic renal issue
causes of high flow priaprism
arterial-cavernosal shunt formation or high spinal cord injury or lesion
indication for operative mgmt of hemothorax?
chest tube bleeding >2-3 mL/kg/hour or hypotension unresponsive to transfusion
triple therapy for H pylori
PPI, clarithromycin, and amox or metronidazole
what encapsulated organisms become opportunistic in splenectomy patients?
hemophilus, strep, and neisseria
indications for hemodialysis for acute PSGN include
hyperK, pericardial effusion and pulmonary edema resisitent to pharmacotherapy
recommended abx regimen for a brain abscess from an oral or sinus source?
IV metronidazole and ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime) +/- vanc
eye infection at 2-5 days, dx and gram stain
gonorrhea, gram neg diplococci
symptomatic treatment of erythema nodosum
potassium iodide and NSAIDs
hernia with highest risk of developing strangulation?
femoral hernia
MC type of hernia in women
inguinal hernias
pt with nephrotic syndrome are at risk of
thromboembolism
MCC of acquired phimosis
lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
tx of polycystic kidney disease
ACE or ARB
how is megacolon defined radiographically?
colonic dilatation greater than 6 cm
what 3 conditions can elevate BUN levels, affecting BUN:Cr ratio?
trauma, GI hemorrhage, and protein loading
what causes pain in testicular malignancies?
intratumoral hemorrhage
possible side effect of sodium phosphate enemas in kids
hypocalcemic tetany and life threatening hyperphosphatemia
what is the recommended empiric abx tx for renal abscess and pt has severe pen allergy
mero or imipenem
what pharmocologic tx can be used for sphincteer of oddi dyskinesia?
ca channel blockers, such as nifedipine, or nitrates
what intestinal manifestation is associated with IgA vasculitis (HSP)
increased incidence of intussusception
hepatorenal syndrome is an indication for use of what fluid resuscitation agent?
albumin.
what is the most common pathogen associated with cholangitis?
e coli, then klebsiella and enterobacter
what med may reduce renal failure and hospital mortality in patients with SBP?
albumin
what type of malignancy are patients with celiac at moderately increased risk for?
T cell lymphoma
clues to bacterial rather than viral source of gastroenteritis?
diarrhea onset, high stooling frequency, high fevers, grossly bloody stools, severe abdominal pain
what causes hepatic encephalopathy?
increased nitrogen supply (large meal or GI bleed) and inability to metabolize it,
MOA of lactulose?
degraded into lactic acid in the colon, traps ammonia due to acidic environment
painless genital ulcers
syphilis, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum
differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum
syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish
differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum
syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish
severe carbamazepine toxicity and evidence of end organ damage should be treated with
hemodialysis
tx of asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy
amoxicillin or cephalexin
tx of pyelo in prego
IV ampicillin and gentamicin or third gen cephalosporin
what type of hypersensitivity is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
type III - IgM complex deposits
type III hypersensitivity reaction examples
serum sickness, SLE, arthus reaction, polyarteritis nodosa, PSGN, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis
lab finding most sensitive for peritonitis
WBC count > 100 WBC/mcL
