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.RoshReview > Oct '21 > Flashcards

Oct '21 Flashcards

1
Q

painless rectal bleeding in child <5 yo

A

meckel diverticulum

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2
Q

how to dx meckel diverticulum

A

T 99 pertechnetate scintiscan

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3
Q

peds dosing of IV fluids for hypotension

A

20 cc/kg

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4
Q

serologic marker showing Hep B vaccincation

A

Hep B surface antibody

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5
Q

which pathogen causes diarrhea in AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

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6
Q

MC visceral artery aneurysm

A

splenic artery aneurysm

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7
Q

what lab test correlates with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

CSF glutamine level

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8
Q

why are patients with crohns disease increased risk of nephrolithiasis?

A

fat malabsorpiton, fat accumulation in gut, fat binds Ca, leaving oxalate free to be absorbed and deposited in kidney

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9
Q

with diverticulitis, more likely for constipation or diarrhea?

A

constipation

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10
Q

complications of scarlet fever

A

acute rheumatic fever and post strep glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

abx for epiglottitis

A

third gen cephalosporin and vanc

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12
Q

classic EKG findings in tetrology of fallot?

A

RVH and right axis deviation

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13
Q

abx for acute uncomplicated bacterial prostatitis

A

cipro or bactrim for 14 days - 6 weeks

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14
Q

electrolyte abnormality that may cause an ileus

A

hypokalemia

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15
Q

what lab finding besides BUN and Cr are consistent with prerenal AKI?

A

Urine sodium <20 meq and FENa <1%

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16
Q

ingested button battery has gotten to the stomach, does it need emergent surgery?

A

no

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17
Q

what diseases are associated with anal fissures not in midline?

A

Crohns, HIV, leukemia, tuberculosis, and syphilis

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18
Q

first line therapy in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

A

glucocorticoids

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19
Q

older than 35, tx of epididymitis

A

bactrim or fluoroquinolone

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20
Q

another name for rectal prolapse

A

procidentia

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21
Q

what may help facilitate reduction of rectal prolapse

A

topical granulated sugar to remove some edema

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22
Q

medical tx of pseudo-obstruction?

A

neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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23
Q

serious potential side effect of neostigmine for tx of pseudo-obstruction?

A

bradycardia and asystole

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24
Q

BUN:Cr is <10:1, likely where is the problem

A

intrinsic renal issue

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25
causes of high flow priaprism
arterial-cavernosal shunt formation or high spinal cord injury or lesion
26
indication for operative mgmt of hemothorax?
chest tube bleeding >2-3 mL/kg/hour or hypotension unresponsive to transfusion
27
triple therapy for H pylori
PPI, clarithromycin, and amox or metronidazole
28
what encapsulated organisms become opportunistic in splenectomy patients?
hemophilus, strep, and neisseria
29
indications for hemodialysis for acute PSGN include
hyperK, pericardial effusion and pulmonary edema resisitent to pharmacotherapy
30
recommended abx regimen for a brain abscess from an oral or sinus source?
IV metronidazole and ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime) +/- vanc
31
eye infection at 2-5 days, dx and gram stain
gonorrhea, gram neg diplococci
32
symptomatic treatment of erythema nodosum
potassium iodide and NSAIDs
33
hernia with highest risk of developing strangulation?
femoral hernia
34
MC type of hernia in women
inguinal hernias
35
pt with nephrotic syndrome are at risk of
thromboembolism
36
MCC of acquired phimosis
lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
37
tx of polycystic kidney disease
ACE or ARB
38
how is megacolon defined radiographically?
colonic dilatation greater than 6 cm
39
what 3 conditions can elevate BUN levels, affecting BUN:Cr ratio?
trauma, GI hemorrhage, and protein loading
40
what causes pain in testicular malignancies?
intratumoral hemorrhage
41
possible side effect of sodium phosphate enemas in kids
hypocalcemic tetany and life threatening hyperphosphatemia
42
what is the recommended empiric abx tx for renal abscess and pt has severe pen allergy
mero or imipenem
43
what pharmocologic tx can be used for sphincteer of oddi dyskinesia?
ca channel blockers, such as nifedipine, or nitrates
44
what intestinal manifestation is associated with IgA vasculitis (HSP)
increased incidence of intussusception
45
hepatorenal syndrome is an indication for use of what fluid resuscitation agent?
albumin.
46
what is the most common pathogen associated with cholangitis?
e coli, then klebsiella and enterobacter
47
what med may reduce renal failure and hospital mortality in patients with SBP?
albumin
48
what type of malignancy are patients with celiac at moderately increased risk for?
T cell lymphoma
49
clues to bacterial rather than viral source of gastroenteritis?
diarrhea onset, high stooling frequency, high fevers, grossly bloody stools, severe abdominal pain
50
what causes hepatic encephalopathy?
increased nitrogen supply (large meal or GI bleed) and inability to metabolize it,
51
MOA of lactulose?
degraded into lactic acid in the colon, traps ammonia due to acidic environment
52
painless genital ulcers
syphilis, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum
53
differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum
syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish
53
differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum
syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish
54
severe carbamazepine toxicity and evidence of end organ damage should be treated with
hemodialysis
55
tx of asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy
amoxicillin or cephalexin
56
tx of pyelo in prego
IV ampicillin and gentamicin or third gen cephalosporin
57
what type of hypersensitivity is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
type III - IgM complex deposits
58
type III hypersensitivity reaction examples
serum sickness, SLE, arthus reaction, polyarteritis nodosa, PSGN, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis
59
lab finding most sensitive for peritonitis
WBC count > 100 WBC/mcL

.RoshReview (11 decks)

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