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.RoshReview > Oct '21 > Flashcards

Oct '21 Flashcards

1
Q

painless rectal bleeding in child <5 yo

A

meckel diverticulum

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2
Q

how to dx meckel diverticulum

A

T 99 pertechnetate scintiscan

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3
Q

peds dosing of IV fluids for hypotension

A

20 cc/kg

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4
Q

serologic marker showing Hep B vaccincation

A

Hep B surface antibody

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5
Q

which pathogen causes diarrhea in AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

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6
Q

MC visceral artery aneurysm

A

splenic artery aneurysm

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7
Q

what lab test correlates with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

CSF glutamine level

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8
Q

why are patients with crohns disease increased risk of nephrolithiasis?

A

fat malabsorpiton, fat accumulation in gut, fat binds Ca, leaving oxalate free to be absorbed and deposited in kidney

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9
Q

with diverticulitis, more likely for constipation or diarrhea?

A

constipation

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10
Q

complications of scarlet fever

A

acute rheumatic fever and post strep glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

abx for epiglottitis

A

third gen cephalosporin and vanc

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12
Q

classic EKG findings in tetrology of fallot?

A

RVH and right axis deviation

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13
Q

abx for acute uncomplicated bacterial prostatitis

A

cipro or bactrim for 14 days - 6 weeks

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14
Q

electrolyte abnormality that may cause an ileus

A

hypokalemia

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15
Q

what lab finding besides BUN and Cr are consistent with prerenal AKI?

A

Urine sodium <20 meq and FENa <1%

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16
Q

ingested button battery has gotten to the stomach, does it need emergent surgery?

A

no

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17
Q

what diseases are associated with anal fissures not in midline?

A

Crohns, HIV, leukemia, tuberculosis, and syphilis

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18
Q

first line therapy in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

A

glucocorticoids

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19
Q

older than 35, tx of epididymitis

A

bactrim or fluoroquinolone

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20
Q

another name for rectal prolapse

A

procidentia

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21
Q

what may help facilitate reduction of rectal prolapse

A

topical granulated sugar to remove some edema

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22
Q

medical tx of pseudo-obstruction?

A

neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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23
Q

serious potential side effect of neostigmine for tx of pseudo-obstruction?

A

bradycardia and asystole

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24
Q

BUN:Cr is <10:1, likely where is the problem

A

intrinsic renal issue

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25
Q

causes of high flow priaprism

A

arterial-cavernosal shunt formation or high spinal cord injury or lesion

26
Q

indication for operative mgmt of hemothorax?

A

chest tube bleeding >2-3 mL/kg/hour or hypotension unresponsive to transfusion

27
Q

triple therapy for H pylori

A

PPI, clarithromycin, and amox or metronidazole

28
Q

what encapsulated organisms become opportunistic in splenectomy patients?

A

hemophilus, strep, and neisseria

29
Q

indications for hemodialysis for acute PSGN include

A

hyperK, pericardial effusion and pulmonary edema resisitent to pharmacotherapy

30
Q

recommended abx regimen for a brain abscess from an oral or sinus source?

A

IV metronidazole and ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime) +/- vanc

31
Q

eye infection at 2-5 days, dx and gram stain

A

gonorrhea, gram neg diplococci

32
Q

symptomatic treatment of erythema nodosum

A

potassium iodide and NSAIDs

33
Q

hernia with highest risk of developing strangulation?

A

femoral hernia

34
Q

MC type of hernia in women

A

inguinal hernias

35
Q

pt with nephrotic syndrome are at risk of

A

thromboembolism

36
Q

MCC of acquired phimosis

A

lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

37
Q

tx of polycystic kidney disease

A

ACE or ARB

38
Q

how is megacolon defined radiographically?

A

colonic dilatation greater than 6 cm

39
Q

what 3 conditions can elevate BUN levels, affecting BUN:Cr ratio?

A

trauma, GI hemorrhage, and protein loading

40
Q

what causes pain in testicular malignancies?

A

intratumoral hemorrhage

41
Q

possible side effect of sodium phosphate enemas in kids

A

hypocalcemic tetany and life threatening hyperphosphatemia

42
Q

what is the recommended empiric abx tx for renal abscess and pt has severe pen allergy

A

mero or imipenem

43
Q

what pharmocologic tx can be used for sphincteer of oddi dyskinesia?

A

ca channel blockers, such as nifedipine, or nitrates

44
Q

what intestinal manifestation is associated with IgA vasculitis (HSP)

A

increased incidence of intussusception

45
Q

hepatorenal syndrome is an indication for use of what fluid resuscitation agent?

A

albumin.

46
Q

what is the most common pathogen associated with cholangitis?

A

e coli, then klebsiella and enterobacter

47
Q

what med may reduce renal failure and hospital mortality in patients with SBP?

A

albumin

48
Q

what type of malignancy are patients with celiac at moderately increased risk for?

A

T cell lymphoma

49
Q

clues to bacterial rather than viral source of gastroenteritis?

A

diarrhea onset, high stooling frequency, high fevers, grossly bloody stools, severe abdominal pain

50
Q

what causes hepatic encephalopathy?

A

increased nitrogen supply (large meal or GI bleed) and inability to metabolize it,

51
Q

MOA of lactulose?

A

degraded into lactic acid in the colon, traps ammonia due to acidic environment

52
Q

painless genital ulcers

A

syphilis, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum

53
Q

differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum

A

syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish

53
Q

differentiate lesions of primary syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum

A

syphilis lasts 3-6 weeks, LV only about 3 days and is purplish

54
Q

severe carbamazepine toxicity and evidence of end organ damage should be treated with

A

hemodialysis

55
Q

tx of asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy

A

amoxicillin or cephalexin

56
Q

tx of pyelo in prego

A

IV ampicillin and gentamicin or third gen cephalosporin

57
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

type III - IgM complex deposits

58
Q

type III hypersensitivity reaction examples

A

serum sickness, SLE, arthus reaction, polyarteritis nodosa, PSGN, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis

59
Q

lab finding most sensitive for peritonitis

A

WBC count > 100 WBC/mcL

.RoshReview (11 decks)

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