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.RoshReview > Nov/Dec '21 > Flashcards

Nov/Dec '21 Flashcards

1
Q

EKG X axis, 1mm= , so 5mm/1 big box =

A

40 msec

1 big box = 0.2 seconds

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2
Q

how many millivolts are required for the R wave in lead aVL for one of the suggested LVH criteria?

A

1.1 mV (11 small boxes)

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3
Q

normal pacemaker rates AV node and ventricle

A

AVN 40-60, ventricle 20-40

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4
Q

NSTEMI occlusion v without occlusion outcomes

A

acute total occlusion had higher short and long term risk of MACE and mortality

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5
Q

What is the mm cutoff in lead V2 for STEMI criteria for a 35 yo male

A

2.5 mm

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6
Q

EKG change in hypercalcemia, waves specifically

A

osborn waves (pronounced J waves)

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7
Q

what is arterial pulse tapping artifact?

A

electrical arifact caused by placing an electrode in close proximity to a large artery, can change ST segment and T wave

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8
Q

which lead is reciprocal to aVL?

A

lead III

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9
Q

true or false, it is normal to have negative T waves in some of the right precordial leads in the setting of RBBB

A

true

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10
Q

which leads have a formal STEMI criteria cutoff other than 1.0 mm?

A

V2 and V3

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11
Q

true or false: L posterior fascicular block can cause left axis deviation

A

false, LPFB causes right axis deviation while LAFB causes left axis deviation

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12
Q

some of the most severe LAD occlusions present with what on EKG?

A

acute RBBB and LAFB

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13
Q

what is the position, in degrees, of lead aVF in the frontal plane?

A

+90 degrees

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14
Q

AF with WPW aka preexcited Afib is characterized by

A

irregularly irregular, polymorphic QRS complexes, sometimes with occasional R-R intervals as short as 200msec

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15
Q

elements of classic triad of WPW syndrome

A

short PR interval, widened QRS, delta wave

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16
Q

target urine output to reduce the risk of rhabdo induced renal failure

A

200-300 cc/hr

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17
Q

when do you give tetanus immune globulin

A

ppx for high risk wound in unimmunized

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18
Q

MC neuro symptom from second stage lyme disease

A

unilateral or bilateral facial nerve palsy

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19
Q

neuraminadase inhibitor with bronchospasm and wheezing as side effect

A

zanamivir

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20
Q

when do koplik spots occur in relation to the rash of measles?

A

prior to the onset of rash

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21
Q

what drug can be substituted for ethambutol in the standard 4 drug regimen for pulmonary TB?

A

streptomycin

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22
Q

which metaphyseal fx are concerning for child abuse?

A

corner and bucket-handle fractures

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23
Q

what degree of angulation in greenstick fx require reduction?

A

greater than 10 degrees

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24
Q

can salter harris 1 be seen on XR

A

often not seen on XR

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25
Q

MC pediatric radial fractures and complication

A

torus fx, rare for complication because no true cortical disruption

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26
Q

tx for severe erysipelas

A

anti-strep like ceftriaxone or cefazolin

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27
Q

what is the thurstan holland sign?

A

triangular metaphyseal fragment in the metaphysis from salter harris II

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28
Q

tx and length of time for poison ivy

A

prednisone taper over 21 days

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29
Q

abx to treat lyme in pregnant patient

A

cefuroxime

30
Q

galeazzi fracture

A

distal radius fx, distal radioulnar joint dislocation

31
Q

tissue adhesives have the equivalent strength of

A

5-0 nylon sutures

32
Q

what can worsen tetanus?

A

minor stimuli such as touch or noise

33
Q

caused by the inhibition of acetylcholine release, resulting in neuromuscular blockade

A

botulism

34
Q

complication of untreated mallet finger?

A

swan-neck deformity

35
Q

painless, red, firm nodule that turns to vesicle and then eschar. prior to rash, vague viral syndrome. mouse droppings

A

rickettsial pox

36
Q

tx of rickettsial pox

A

self limited, doxy can hasten resolution

37
Q

what fx of the proximal fibula is associated with a medial ankle disruption

A

maisonneuve fx

38
Q

T or F: SIRS and SOFA criteria typically exclude pregnant women

A

true

39
Q

pregnant pt tx for acitve TB

A

ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin

40
Q

what agent used to tx sarin gas exposure has decreasing efficacy as time from sarin exposure increases?

A

pralidoxime

41
Q

tx of sarin gas exposure

A

atropine for ventilation
pralidoxime for paralysis reversal
diazepam to prevent and tx seizures

42
Q

T or F: posterior acoustic enhancement is seen on US of an abscess

A

true

43
Q

CMV encephalitis v cryptococcal meningitis

A

low CSF glucose, probs fungal if not bacterial

44
Q

appearance of cryptococcus on india ink?

A

round encapsulated yeast

45
Q

bullos pemphigoid has what nikolsky sign

A

negative nikolsky

46
Q

two MC infectious causes of SJS or TEN?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae, or HSV

47
Q

high pressure injection injury should be

A

evaluated by a hand surgeon emergently

48
Q

alternative to sulfa drug

A

pentamidine

49
Q

PCP pt - Steroids are indicated as adjunctive tx in pt with

A

PaO2< 70 or AA gradient of >35

50
Q

chronic back pain with insidious onset prior to 40 yo, think

A

inflammatory cause

51
Q

chronic back pain present at night and improvement upon standing

A

inflammatory, axial spondyloarthritis

52
Q

MC severe complication of varicella

A

bacterial skin infection

53
Q

abx for aspiration pneumonia

A

ceftriaxone and azithro, only add anaerobic coverage if lung abscess or empyema suspected

54
Q

multiple target like lesions

A

erythema multiforme - caused by HSV or mycoplasma pneumoniae

55
Q

recurrent UTI you are suspicious of it being multi drug resistant - choose to treat with

A

fosfomycin

56
Q

anthrax treatment

A

cipro

57
Q

difference between rubella and rubeola

A

rubella is mild, may go unnoticed, not associated with significant complications

58
Q

tx necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by clostridium perfringens?

A

penicillin based abx plus clinda

59
Q

tx for patient with new cellulitis and has had recent hospital admissions, other wise normal vitals and exam

A

amoxicillin and doxy - hospitalization is risk for MRSA

60
Q

painful posterior pharyngeal lesions due to group A coxsackievirus

A

herpangina

61
Q

acute phase mgmt of gout

A

NSAIDS + ice

62
Q

what area of the body is the MC site of mycotic aneurysms?

A

intracranial

63
Q

lipoma on US

A

hyperechoic mass without posterior acoustic enhancement

64
Q

genetic condition associated with numerous epidermoid cysts on face, ears, and trunk

A

gardner syndrome

65
Q

systemic causes of erythema nodosum

A

sarcoidosis, lymphoma, lupus, IBD

66
Q

traumatic crush injury can cause what kidney issue

A

acute tubular necrosis

67
Q

medial thigh and lower leg paresthesias - nerve root

A

L2, L3, L4

68
Q

paronychia treatment

A

elevation of affected cuticle margin

69
Q

osteosarcoma v ewing sarcoma

A

osteosarcoma on metaphyses, sunburst/codmans triangle; ewing on diaphyses, onion skinning

70
Q

kid getting over a cold, hip pain, normal CRP, ESR, WBC,

A

transient synovitis

.RoshReview (11 decks)

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