Aug '21 Flashcards
3 drugs that cause decreased effect of adenosine
methylxanthines
theophylline
caffiene
3 drugs that may require decrease of adenosine dose
carbamazepine
dipyridamole
cardiac transplant
COPD exacerbation indication for ICU admission?
worsening hypercapnia with interventions
tx for pertussis?
macrolide abx (erytho, clarithro, azithro)
ways to reduce SIDS
no smoking in home, offer pacifier at nap and bed time, supine sleep, avoid excessive bundling or bedding
treatment of stable VT
amio 150
procainamide
asthma medications in prego pt
use all the same, same aggressiveness as meds are relatively safe
what happens to tidal volume and functional residual capacity during pregnancy
tidal volume increases eventually, FRC decreases
MC pulmonary problem in pregnancy?
asthma
what tissue has the highest conductive capacity
nerves
what cardiac drug is contraindicated in infants?
CCB, due to decreased ca reserve in sarcoplasmic retic
cause hypotension
MC significant dysrhythmia in peds?
SVT
several weeks of cough, fever, pleurtic chest pain, weight loss, night sweats
lung abscess
MCC of lung abscess?
aspiration pneumonia
what causes artifical widening of the retropharyngeal space on XR?
body rotation, neutral or flexion of neck, expiration
upper limit of normal for retropharyngeal space on XR of peds pt at C6?
14 mm
abx for epiglottitis
3rd gen cephalosporin and vanc
narrowest area of peds airway
cricoid ring
3 possible etiologies of MAT
COPD, hypoxia, pulm htn
difference between wandering pacemaker and MAT
wandering will be <100 bpm, MAT >100 bpm
MC associated complication of mitral valve stenosis
afib
percentage of kids with untreated kawaski disease who go on to have coronary artery aneurysms?
15-25%
Drugs that can be delivered via ET tube in peds
Lidocaine
Atropine
Naloxone
Epi
compression to ventilation ratio in a newborn
30:1
90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute
MC source of arterial emboli
cardiac thrombus from Afib
arterial occlusion with what symptom requires emergent surgery?
paralysis
MC complication of rubella infection?
arthritis and arthropathies
what is normal PR length
120-200 ms
radiographic evidence of alveolar fluid accumulation without hemodynamic evidence of a cardiogenic etiology
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
headache, fever, focal neuro ssx, no meningismus
possible subdural empyema
abx for brain abscess from sinusitis?
IV metronidazole and ceftriaxone, +/- vanc
complication of basilar skull fx
cranial nerve palsys 2-3 days after and bacterial meningitis
IM epi dose for peds anaphylaxis
epi 0.1mg/mL, 0.01 mL/kg
risk of untreated fever in kid?
dehydration
treatment of PJP/PCP pneumonia
bactrim and prednisone
XR finding of PCP pneumonia
batwing appearance
At what CD4 count should patients with HIV begin prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci?
200
kid with croup. gets epi. improves.. what next?
observed in ED for three hours - symptoms often return between 2-3 hours of nebs. 2 or more tx then should be admitted
if oxygen is required at 28 days after birth or 36 weeks post-menstrual age then consideration for dx of
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
common XR findings in pts with mild to moderate bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
low lung volumes with diffuse haziness and a coarse interstitial pattern
pattern of abnormal T waves in the precordial leads, V2 and V3, that is associated with a high grade stenosis of teh left anterior descending artery
Wellen’s syndrome
differentiate on EKG between orthodromic and antidromic WPW
ortho - regular and narrow complex tach looks like AVNRT
anti- regular wide complex looks like VT
what are the three stages of ARDS?
exudative, fibroproliferative, and fibrotic
complication of untreated retropharyngeal abscess?
mediastinitis
optimal positioning and timing for a lateral XR of the neck?
during inspiration with neck extended
treatment of pleurisy
indomethacin
tx of acute hypertensive emergency
mainstay of therapy is vasodilators, predominantly nitrates
How does an infected pseudoaneurysm present?
fever, tender pulsatile mass in pt with IV drug use hx
best sonographic view to assess for cardiac wall motion abnormalities?
parasternal short axis
gold standard dx of myocarditis?
endomyocardial biopsy
tx of CAP
in healthy patients - high dose amox
doxy or a macrolide if local resistance is less than 25%
COPD or heart dz - amox clauv or cephalosporin plus macrolide or doxy
kid cuffed ETT size
age/4 + 3.5
uncuffed kid ETT size?
age/4 +4
silo fillers disease
nitrogen dioxide pneumonitis
inhalation of chlorine gas causes lung injury as a result of the formation of what toxic chemicals?
hydrochloric and hypochlorus acids
triad of hypoxemia, neurologic abnormalities, and petechial rash
fat embolism syndrome
