OChem CH 19

Question 1

Acylation

Answer 1

Addition of an “acyl group”
Typically replaces a hydrogen atom
Acylation of an amine makes an amide

Question 2

Acyl group

Answer 2

RCO group

Question 3

Acetylation

Answer 3

Acylation via an acetyl group

Question 4

Acetyl group

Answer 4

CH3CO

Question 5

Acylation-reduction

Answer 5

A method for synthesizing amines by acylating ammonia or an amine and then reducing the amide

Question 6

Amine

Answer 6

A derivative of ammonia NH3 with one or more alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom

Question 7

Primary Amine

Answer 7

RNH2 - One alkyl group bonded to Nitrogen

Question 8

Secondary amine

Answer 8

R2NH - Has two alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen

Question 9

Tertiary amine

Answer 9

R3N - Has three alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen

Question 10

Amino group

Answer 10

The -NH2 group. If alkylated it becomes an alkylamino -NHR, or a dialkylamino group -NR2

Question 11

Amine oxide

Answer 11

An amine with a fourth bond to an oxygen atom. In the amine oxide the nitrogen bears a positive charge, and the oxygen atom bears a negative charge.

Question 12

Ammonium salt

Answer 12

(Amine Salt) A derivative of an amine with a positively charged nitrogen atom that has four bonds. An amine is protonated by an acid to give an ammonium salt. A quaternary ammonium salt has a nitrogen atom bonded to four alkyl or aryl groups.

Question 13

Arenediazonium salt

Answer 13

An aromatic compound that contains a diazonium cation, Ar-NR2+, together with its counterion, X-

Question 14

Azide

Answer 14

A compound having the azido group, -N3

Question 15

Azido group

Answer 15

-N3

Question 16

base-dissociation constant (Kb)

Answer 16

A measure of the basicity of a compound such as an amine, defined as the equilibrium constant for the following reaction. The negative log10 of Kb is given as pKb. Smaller pKb = Stronger base

Question 17

Cope elimination

Answer 17

A variation of the Hofmann elimination, where a tertiary amine oxide eliminates to an alkene with a hydroxylamine serving as the leaving group.

Question 18

Hydroxylamine

Answer 18

Any amine with an OH group attached

Question 19

Diazo coupling

Answer 19

The use of diazonium salt as an electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution

Question 20

Diazonium Compound

Answer 20

R-N+=-N

Question 21

Diazotization of an amine

Answer 21

The reaction of a primary amine with nitrous acid to form a diazonium salt

Question 22

Exhaustive alkylation

Answer 22

Treatment of an amine with an excess of an alkylating agent (often methyl iodide) to form the quaternary ammonium salt

R-NH2 –Excess CH3I and Base–> R-N+(CH3)3 I-

Question 23

Gabriel amine synthesis

Answer 23

Synthesis of primary amines by alkylation of the potassium salt of phthalimide, followed by displacement of the amine by hydrazine

Question 24

Phthalimide

Answer 24

Look it up its kind of big

Question 25

Hofmann elimination

Answer 25

Elimination of quaternary ammonium hydroxide with an amine as the leaving group. The Hofmann elimination usually gives the least substituted. Creates tertiary amine, water, and alkene

Question 26

Nitrile

Answer 26

A compound of formula R-C=-N Containing the cyano group -C=-N

Question 27

Nitro compound

Answer 27

An organic compound that contains one or more nitro (-NO2) functional groups

Question 28

Nitrogen inversion

Answer 28

(pyramidal inversion) Inversion of configuration of a nitrogen atom in which the lone pair moves from one face of the molecule to the other. The transition state is planar with the lone pair in a p orbital

Question 29

N-nitrosoamine

Answer 29

An amine with a nitroso group bonded to the amine nitrogen atom. The reaction of secondary amines with nitrous acid gives secondary N-Nitrosoamines.

Question 30

Reductive amination

Answer 30

The reduction of an imine or oxime derivative of a ketone or aldehyde. One of the most general methods for the synthesis of amines.

Question 31

Imine

Answer 31

R2C=NR

Question 32

Oxime

Answer 32

R2C=N-OH

Question 33

Hydrazone

Answer 33

R2C=N-NH2

Question 34

Sandmeyer reaction

Answer 34

Replacement of the group in an arene diazonium salt by a cuprous salt; usually cuprous chloride, bromide, or cyanide

AD salt –CuX–> Ar-X +N2

Question 35

Sulfonamide

Answer 35

An amide of a sulfonic acid. The nitrogen analog of a sulfonate ester. Replaces the OH group in the sulfonic acid.