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Anatomy Exam 1 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What type of muscles does the autonomic system innervate?

A

Smooth muscles and Glands

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2
Q

Is the ANS voluntary?

A

No

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3
Q

How many neuron synapses does the ANS have? The Somatic Nervous System?

A

2 (disynaptic) and 1 (monosynaptic)

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4
Q

Does the ANS innervate with ganglia?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter does the ANS use?

A

Acetyl Choline and Norepinephrine

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6
Q

Can the ANS be excitatory?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Can the ANS be inhibitory?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Can the somatic nervous system be excitatory?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Can the somatic nervous system be inhibitory?

A

No

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10
Q

How myelinated is the ANS?

A

There is little to no myelination

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11
Q

How myelinated is the somatic nervous system?

A

It is heavily myelinated

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12
Q

What does the term preganglionic mean?

A

When referring to the ANS it means the part of the neve that is between the brain and the ganglion

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13
Q

What does the term postganglionic mean

A

When referring to the ANS it means the part of the nerve that is between the ganglion and the effector organ

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14
Q

What are some effects of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Increase metabolism
Vasodilation - skeletal muscles
Vasoconstriction - skin, reproductive, digestive
Pupil dilation
Increase heart rate
Bronchodilation

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15
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The fight or flight response

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16
Q

What can happen to one prevertebral neuron?

A

It can diverge and go to many different organs

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17
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The thoracolumbar system

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18
Q

What vertebrae does the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

A

T1-L2/3

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19
Q

What is longer in the sympathetic nervous system pre or post-vertebral neurons?

A

Postvertebral neurons are longer in the sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

What is the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

A chain of ganglia that lies very close to the spine that works in the sympathetic nervous system

21
Q

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor on smooth muscle it has what effect?

A

Excitation

22
Q

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor on smooth muscle it has what effect?

A

Inhibition

23
Q

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor in glands it has what effect?

A

Inhibition

24
Q

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor in glands it has what effect?

A

No effect

25
Q

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor on cardiac muscle it has what effect?

A

No effect

26
Q

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor on cardiac muscle it has what effect?

A

Excitation

27
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

They control baseline functions - resting and digesting

28
Q

What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

The craniosacral nervous system

29
Q

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system use?

A

Only Ach

30
Q

What is longer in the parasympathetic nervous system prevertebral or postvertebral neurons?

A

Prevertebral neurons are longer

31
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

Smooth muscle and glands in the head
Viscera
Reproductive machinery

32
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system NOT innervate?

A

Circular smooth muscle (except in repro)
Circular smooth muscle in skin

33
Q

How does divergence in the parasympathetic nervous system compare to divergence in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

There is much less divergence in the parasympathetic nervous system

34
Q

What is a nicotinic receptor?

A

A receptor that binds to Ach and is found on the cell bodies of all neurons located in the autonomic ganglia - when Ach binds it is always excitatory

35
Q

What is a muscarinic receptor?

A

A type of receptor located on all parasympathetic effector organs that responds to Ach

36
Q

How many types of muscarinic receptors are there?

A

6

37
Q

What do medications that effect the parasympathetic nervous system target?

A

muscarinic receptors

38
Q

What are the two types of receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

39
Q

What are the two types of receptors in the sympathetic nervous system

A

Alpha and Beta

40
Q

What part of the central nervous system has the most control of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The hypothalamus

41
Q

What is the difference between dual innervation and single innervation?

A

Dual innervation is when effector organs are innervated by both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system (the heart) - Single innervation is when the effector organ is innervated by only one of the two (vessels)

42
Q

What is the function of a sympathomimetic?

A

To mimic the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

43
Q

What is the function of a parasympathomimetic?

A

To mimic the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system

44
Q

What is the function of a sympathetic blocker?

A

To block norepinephrine and prevent the sympathetic nervous system from working

45
Q

What is the function of a parasympathetic blocker?

A

To block Ach and prevent the parasympathetic nervous system from working.

46
Q

Can medication have both sympathomimetic and parasympathetic blocking abilities?

A

Yes, when a strong reaction is wanted

Anatomy Exam 1 (6 decks)

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