OCEAN Flashcards

1
Q

3 major oceans

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian

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2
Q

Largest ocean basin that extends to the Antarctic to the Arctic dea

A

Pacific Ocean

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3
Q

Second largest basin. Extends nearly from pole to pole.

A

Atlantic Ocean

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4
Q

Smallest of the three. Mostly confined to the Southern Hemisphere.

A

Indian Ocean

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5
Q

Undersea trenches that roo through the seafloor.

A

Mariana Trench

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6
Q

Where is Mariana Trench located and how deep is it?

A
  • Western Pacific Ocean
  • 10, 000 m
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7
Q

What are the horizontal zones of ocean

A
  1. Littoral (intertidal) Zone
  2. Neritic Zone
  3. Oceanic Zone
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8
Q

The shallowest shoreline

A

Littoral (intertidal) Zone

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9
Q

Under the influence of the rise and fall of the tides.

A

Littoral (intertidal) zone

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10
Q

Extends from the coast to the margin of the continental shelf.

A

Neritic Zone

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11
Q

Beyond the continental shelf.

A

Oceanic Zone

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12
Q

What are the vertical zone of the ocean

A
  1. Epipelagic Zone
  2. Mesopelagic Zone
  3. Bathypelagic Zone
  4. Abyssal Zone
  5. Hadal Zone
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13
Q

Surface layer of the ocean

A

Epipelagic Zone

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14
Q

Zone that extends to a depth of 200

A

Epipelagic Zone

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15
Q

Extends from 200 to 1000 m

A

Mesopelagic Zone

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16
Q

Extends from 1 000 to 4 000 m

A

Bathypelagic Zone

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17
Q

The layer from 4 000 to 6 000 m

A

Abyssal Zone

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18
Q

The deepest parts of the ocean

A

Hadal Zone

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19
Q

2 habitats in the ocean

A
  1. Benthic
  2. Pelagic
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20
Q

Habitats on the bottom of the of the ocean and other aquatic environments

A

Benthic

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21
Q

Organisms off the bottom regardless of depth

A

Pelagic

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22
Q

80% of the solar energy striking the ocean is absorbed in the first _____

A

10 m

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23
Q

______ & ______ is absorbed in the first few meters

A

Ultraviolet, Infrared Light

24
Q

Are more absorbed more rapidly than blue light.

A

Red, orange, yellow, green

25
Q

The wavelength that most likely scattered back to our eyes

A

Blue

26
Q

3 oceanic zone of light

A
  1. Sunlight (euphotic) Zone
  2. Twilight (dysphotic) Zone
  3. Midnight (aphotic) Zone
27
Q

Sunlight rarely penetrates beyond this zone

A

Sunlight (euphotic) Zone

28
Q

Sunlight decreases rapidly with depth. Photosynthesis is not possible.

A

Twilight (dysphotic) Zone

29
Q

Sunlight does not penetrate at all. Darkness.

A

Midnight (aphotic) Zone

30
Q

Environment is bright with all the colors of the rainbow.

A

First 10 m

31
Q

Below 50-60 m

A

Blue Twilight

32
Q

Equal to the intensity of starlight on a clear night.

A

600 m

33
Q

Deep black water. Only light is the bioluminescent fishes/invertebrates.

A

3, 400 m

34
Q

A layer of water through which temperature changes rapidly with depth

A

Thermocline

35
Q

Layering of the water column by temperature. It is a permanent feature of the tropical oceans.

A

Thermal Stratification

36
Q

What are the water movements present in ocean?

A
  1. Prevailing winds
  2. Oceanic current
  3. Gyres
  4. Upwelling
37
Q

Drive currents that transport nutrients, oxygen, and heat.

A

Prevailing winds

38
Q

Moderate climates.
Fertilizers the surface waters off continents.
Stimulate photosynthesis.
Promote gene flow aming marine organisms.

A

Oceanic currents

39
Q

Wind-driven surface currents that sweep across vast expanses pf open ocean to create great circulation systems.

A

Gyres

40
Q

Movement of deep water to the surface. Wind blow surface water offshore, allowing cold water to rise to the surface.

A

Upwelling

41
Q

The amount of salt dissolves in water.

A

Salinity

42
Q

Occur where precipitation exceeds evaporation.

A

Lowest salinities

43
Q

Occur where precipitation is low and evaporation is high.

A

Highest salinities

44
Q

Receives large input of freshwater. Local salinities of 7% or lower

A

Baltic Sea

45
Q

Surrounded by deserts. Surface salinities of over 40%.

A

Red Sea

46
Q

Is present in far lower concentrations. Varies much more in the ocean than in aerial environments.

A

Oxygen

47
Q

Highest near the ocean surface. Decreases progressively with depth.

A

Oxygen Concentration

48
Q

Photosynthetic organisms are limited to the brightly lighted ________

A

Epipelagic zone

49
Q

The entire biological communities on the seafloor are nourished by this

A

Chemosynthetic Organisms

50
Q

Marine environment supports ____ and ____ are endemic.

A

28
13

51
Q

What are the human influences?

A
  1. Killing of whales
  2. Harvesting of krill
  3. Overfishing
  4. Chemical pollution
  5. Garbage patches
52
Q

Small planktonic crustacean that serve as the great whale’s flood supply.

A

Krill

53
Q

Has led to the great declines in commercially important fish stocks.

A

Overfishing

54
Q

_____ are accumulating in deep sea sediments.

A

Chemical Pollutants

55
Q

Resistant to decomposition

A

Plastic debris

56
Q

Plastic debris has build up in the central portions of the oceans im extensive,”______”

A

Garbage patches