2.2 Other Factors That Shape Terrestrial Biomes

Question 1

Warm, moist air from the ocean that blows toward a mountain range will have lost much of its moisture when that air reaches the leeward side. The dry climate that results is called

Answer 1

Rain shadow effect

Question 2

When the temperature and moisture differ from the prevailing climate, we call these local environments

Answer 2

Microclimates

Question 3

a complex mixture of living and nonliving material upon which most terrestrial life depends.

Answer 3

Soil

Question 4

Upper layer contains loose, somewhat fragmented plant litter.
Litter in lower layer is highly fragmented.

Answer 4

O - Organic Horizon

Question 5

• Contains a mixture of mineral materials, such as clay, silt, and sand, and incorporated organic material derived from the O horizon. - Burrowing animals, such as earthworms, mix organic matter from the O horizon into the ________.
• generally rich in mineral nutrients.
  It is gradually leached of clays, iron, aluminum, silicates, and humus, which is partially decomposed organic matter.

Answer 5

A Horizon

Question 6

Depositional horizon.
Materials leached from A horizon are deposited in _______
Deposits may form distinct banding patterns.
Contains the clays, humus, and other materials that have been transported by water from the A horizon.

Answer 6

B Horizon

Question 7

Weathered parent material.
May include many rock fragments.
It often lies on bedrock.
The deepest layer in our soil pit and the only one not typically dominated by plant roots.

Answer 7

C Horizon

Question 8

Soiil structure is in a constant state of flux as a consequence of several influences.
Those influences were summarized by

Answer 8

Hans Jenny

Question 9

Soil structure is in a constant state of flux as a consequence of several influences.
Those influences were summarized by Hans Jenny as (1 - 5)

Answer 9

1. climate
2. organisms
3. topography
4. parent material
5. time

Question 10

Created a predictive model using biological and environmental data from each biome to determine where biodiversity is at the most risk.

Answer 10

Ecologist Osvaldo Sala and others