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ECOLOGY 2 > (NEW) LIFE ON LAND > Flashcards

(NEW) LIFE ON LAND Flashcards

1
Q

Tropical rain forest straddle at 3 major regions:

A

Southeast Asia, West Africa, South America

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2
Q

Area where conditions are warm and wet year round

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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3
Q

Temperature varies little from month to month.

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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4
Q

Often change a much in a day as they do over the entire year.

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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5
Q

Heavy rainfall gradually leach nutrients from its soil

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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6
Q

Keeps the quantity of soil organic matter low

A

Rapid Decomposition

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7
Q

Has rapid decomposition that keeps the quantity of soil organic matter low.

A

Tropical Rain Forest (soil)

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8
Q

Adept at conserving nutrients.

A

Tropical Rain Forest (soil)

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9
Q

Get help in gathering nutrients from infertile soils by mycorrhizae.

A

Tropical Rain Forest (soil)

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10
Q

They get help in gathering nutrients from infertile soils from fungi associated with their roots, through mutually beneficial partnerships called _________.

A

Mycorrhizae

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11
Q

Organisms evolved to use the ___________ provided by trees

A

Vertical Dimension

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12
Q

Its organisms evolved to use the vertical dimension provided by trees.

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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13
Q

Marked by intricate, complex, relationship between species.

A

Rainforest ecology

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14
Q

Staple foods that are from tropical plants

A

Corn, rice, banana, sugarcane

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15
Q

Staple foods and approx. 25% of all prescription drugs were from ________

A

Tropical plants

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16
Q

Fast disappearing

A

Tropical Rain Forest

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17
Q

Occupy a substantial portion of the Earth’s surface.

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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18
Q

Between 10° and 25° latitude

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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19
Q

Tropical Dry Forest are between __________ latitude

A

10° and 25°

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20
Q

More seasonal (compared to TRF)

A

Tropical Dry Forest (climate)

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21
Q

Less acidic (compared to TRF)

A

Tropical Dry Forest (soil)

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22
Q

Richer in nutrients

A

Tropical Dry Forest (soil)

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23
Q

Its plants are strongly influenced by physical factor

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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24
Q

Plants of TDF are influence by _______

A

Physical factors

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25
Q

Devastated by human influences

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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26
Q

More easily converted to agriculture (compared to TRF)

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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27
Q

Dry season makes them accessible and easier to burn.

A

Tropical Dry Forest

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28
Q

Extend from the west to the east coast.

A

Tropical Savanna

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29
Q

Re appear in south-central Africa

A

Tropical Savanna

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30
Q

Life cycles to the alternating dry and wet season (like TDF)

A

Tropical Savanna

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31
Q

Rain comes in summer and accompanied by intense lightning.

A

Tropical Savanna

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32
Q

Soils with _________ maintain Tropical Savannah

A

Low permeability

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33
Q

___________ help Tropical Savanna to persist in wet areas (south America)

A

Impermeable soils

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34
Q

A great portion of biological activity in Tropical Savannah takes place in _______

A

Ground level

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35
Q

Its great portion of biological activity takes place in ground level.

A

Tropical Savanna

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36
Q

Has frequent fires

A

Tropical Savanna

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37
Q

Has wandering animals that move in response to seasonal and year to year variations in rainfall and food availability.

A

Tropical Savanna

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38
Q

Wandering animals that move in response to seasonal and year to year variations in _______

A

rainfall and food availability

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39
Q

Was the classroom where early humans observed and learn to use, control, and make fire

A

Savanna

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40
Q

Main source of livelihood in Tropical Savanna

A

Livestock ranching

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41
Q

Its main source of livelihood is livestock ranching

A

Tropical Savanna

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42
Q

Occupy about 20% of the land surface of Earth

A

Desert

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43
Q

Drought conditions prevail during all months

A

Desert

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44
Q

What prevails in desert during all months

A

Drought

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45
Q

In desert, during some months ave. temp. exceed ______

A

30°C

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46
Q

Desert soils are so low in organic matter that they are classified as ______

A

Lithosols

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47
Q

Its soils are so low in organic matter

A

Desert

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48
Q

Means stone or mineral soil

A

Lithosols

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49
Q

Meaning of Lithosols

A

Stone or Mineral Soil

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50
Q

Its plant covers are absent

A

Desert

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51
Q

Many desert plants protect their photosynthetic surfaces from intense sunlight and reduce water loss with a dense covering of _________

A

Plant Hairs

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52
Q

Its plants protect their photosynthetic surfaces from intense sunlight and reduce water loss with a dense covering of plant hairs

A

Desert

53
Q

Many desert animals use _______ to avoid environmental extremes

A

Behavior

54
Q

Its animals use behavior to avoid environmental extremes

A

Desert

55
Q

A biome that, because of human activity, is increasing in area

A

Desert

56
Q

Desert is a biome that, because of human activity, is __________

A

Increasing in area

57
Q

Occur in all the continents except Antarctica

A

Mediterranean Woodland ad Shrubland

58
Q

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland occur in all continents except _______

A

Antarctica

59
Q

Its climate is cool and moist during fall, winter and spring

A

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland

60
Q

Its climate in summer are hot and dry

A

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland

61
Q

Its soil is low to moderate fertility

A

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland

62
Q

Its soil is considered fragile

A

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland

63
Q

What is the state of Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland soil

A

Low to moderate fertility

64
Q

Trees And shrub in Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland is typically _____

A

Evergreen

65
Q

Have small, tough leaves which conserve water and nutrients

A

Trees and Shrub of (Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland)

66
Q

Have thick, fire-resistant bark

A

Many mediterranean woodland trees

67
Q

What does the many mediterranean woodland trees have?

A

Thick, fire-resistant bark

68
Q

Are product of an agricultural management system that is thousand of years old.

A

Open Oak Woodland

69
Q

Open Oak Woodland are a product of an _______

A

Agricultural Management System

70
Q

Open Oak Woodland is from?

A

Southern Spain and Portugal

71
Q

Today, Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland is being covered by _____

A

Human habitations

72
Q

It is being covered by human habitations today

A

Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland

73
Q

Largest biome in North America

A

Temperate Grassland

74
Q

Temperate Grassland is the largest biome in _______

A

North America

75
Q

Temperate Grassland receives between ______ and ______ of precipitation annually

A

300 and 1000 mm

76
Q

Its climate receive between 300 to 1000 mm of precipitation annually

A

Temperate Grassland

77
Q

The best soil of temperate grassland are: (4)

A
  1. Deep 2. Basic/Neutral 3. Fertile 4. Contain Quantities of Organic Matter
78
Q

The best soil of temperate grassland are: (4)

A
  1. Deep 2. Basic/Neutral 3. Fertile 4. Contain Quantities of Organic Matter
79
Q

The best soil of temperate grassland are: (4)

A
  1. Deep 2. Basic/Neutral 3. Fertile 4. Contain Quantities of Organic Matter
80
Q

Its soil are best when deep, basic/neutral, fertile, contain large quantities of organic matter

A

Temperate Grassland

81
Q

It is thoroughly dominated by herbaceous vegetation

A

Temperate Grassland

82
Q

Temperate Grassland us thoroughly dominated by

A

Herbaceous vegetation

83
Q

______ of the open grassland banded together in social groups

A

Herbivore

84
Q

Herbivores of the open grassland banded together in ______

A

Social groups

85
Q

Its herbivores are banded together in social groups

A

Temperate Grassland

86
Q

Their attendant predators are also banded in _____

A

Social groups

87
Q

What are the attendant predators if temperate Grassland

A

Steppe and prairie wolves

88
Q

The first human population in Temperate Grassland were, _______

A

Nomadic hunters

89
Q

The second (next) who came to Temperate Grassland were the _______

A

Nomadic Herders

90
Q

The last who broke the sod and tapped into fertile soil ______

A

Farmers

91
Q

In asia, Tropical Forest originally covered much of (4)

A

Japan, Eastern China, Korea and Eastern Siberia.

92
Q

In western europe, Tropical Forest extend from ______ to ______

A

Southern Scandinavia to Northern Iberia

93
Q

Its geography covered much of Japan, Eastern China, Korea and Southern Siberia. And in Western Europe, it extend from Southern Scandinavia to Northern Iberia

A

Tropical Forest

94
Q

It is either coniferous or deciduous

A

Tropical Forest

95
Q

Tropical Forest are either _____ or ______

A

Coniferous or Deciduous

96
Q

It occurs where temperate are not extreme

A

Tropical Forest

97
Q

Its annual precipitation averages from about 650 mm to over 3000 mm

A

Tropical Forest

98
Q

What is the annual precipitation of Tropical Forest

A

350 mm to over 1000 mm

99
Q

Most fertile soil developed under ______

A

Deciduous Forest

100
Q

It is vertically stratified

A

Temperate Forest

101
Q

The first human settlement (TF) were along the ______, usually along the ______ & _______

A

Forest margins, streams and rivers

102
Q

Its first human settlement were concentrated along forest margins, usually along the streams and rivers

A

Temperate Forest

103
Q

Boreal comes from the Greek word for _____

A

North

104
Q

Boreal forest are confined to the _______

A

Northern Hemisphere

105
Q

It is confined to the Northern Hemisphere

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

106
Q

Are found where winters are too long

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

107
Q

Are found where summers are too short

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

108
Q

Its soil is low of fertility, thin and acidic

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

109
Q

_______ & _______ impede decomposition pf plant litter and slow the rate of soil building

A

Low temperature and Low pH

110
Q

Its low temp and low pH impede decomposition of plant litter and slow the rate of soil building

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

111
Q

Dominated by evergreen conifers

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

112
Q

Boreal Forest is dominated by _______ like ________ (3)

A

Spruce, Fir, Pines

113
Q

Home to many animals like migratory caribou, reindeer, moose and bison)

A

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

114
Q

What is the many animals in Boreal Forest

A

Migratory caribou, reindeer, moose and bison

115
Q

What is the major predator in Boreal Forest

A

Wolf

116
Q

Ancient paintings in Southern France and Northern Spain made during Ice Age revealed that humans lived off boreal forest animals, such as —–

A

Migratory reindeer

117
Q

Ancient paintings in Southern France and Northern Spain made during Ice Age revealed that humans lived off ________ animals, such as migratory reindeer

A

Boreal Forest

118
Q

Rings the top of the globe

A

Arctic Tundra

119
Q

Covering most of the lands north of Arctic Circle

A

Tundra

120
Q

Approx. 66.5 N in latitude

A

Tundra

121
Q

Latitude of tundra

A

66.5°N

122
Q

Its climate is cold and dry

A

Tundra

123
Q

Its soil building is slow

A

Tundra

124
Q

Open tundra landscape is dominated by ________ of perennial herbaceous plants

A

Richly textured patchwork

125
Q

Is dominated by a richly textured patchwork of perennial herbaceous plants

A

Open tundra landscape

126
Q

The focus of intense exploration and extraction

A

Tundra

127
Q

Airborne pesticide and radionuclides have been deposited to ______

A

Tundra

128
Q

_____ and ____ have been deposited to Tundra

A

Airborne pesticide and radionuclides

ECOLOGY 2 (10 decks)

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