occupational health Flashcards
according to WHO, occupational health is to promote and maintain the highest degree of ____, ____ and ____ well being of workers of all occupations.
physical
mental
social
occupational health is to prevent workers from ______ due to health caused by their working conditions
departures/ leaving their jobs
occupational health protect workers in their working environment from _____and _____ usually causing adverse health effects
hazards
risks
occupational health place and maintain a worker in an occupational environment to his/ her ______
physiological ability
define
hazard -
risk -
hazard - source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work
risk - chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to hazard
briefly explain the workplace hazards
SAFETY HAZARDS
harm to the workers, an immediate and violent nature = injure workers (broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains)
associated w poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and machinery
HEALTH HAZARDS
result in an illness
exposure to dangerous subs, chemicals, gases, noise, dust
true or false:
safety hazard is usually often between exposure and disease
false - health hazard
(frequent delay in time btwn when someone is exposed)
define worker’s susceptibility (examples)
worker’s increased risk to develop health probs
(age
race
gender
lifestyle
genetic factors
medical history)
workplace factors to consider the work-related disease
[PTMMD]
physical properties
timing of exposure
multiplicity of exposure (multiple)
magnitude of exposure
duration of exposure
chemical hazards
- route of entry into the body:
- route of excretion:
- route of entry into the body:
inhalation
ingestion
skin contact - route of excretion:
gastro-intestinal (faeces)
renal (urine)
respiratory (exhalation)
skin (sweat, hair, nails)
it is the indication of little toxicity of a given substance/ type of radiation/ chemicals
lethal dose
lethal dose is aka
median little dose
it is the point at which toxicity first appear
threshold
when does threshold occur
at the point where the body’s ability to detoxify or repair toxic injury has been exceeded
what happens if the threshold exceeds from the given substances of chemicals/ radiations
disease/ illness
what is the threshold of our body for chemical hazards
at 10 only
what happens if threshold exceeds more than 10
specific injury
toxicity that affect diff organs
briefly explain the types of concentration of toxic substances
TLV - threshold limit value:
safe average exposure limit over a typical work shift/ week for long-term exposures
MAC - maximal allowable concentration:
absolute max. peak lvl that shld never be exceeded at any time
it is the average conc. of an airborne subs to which most workers could be safely exposed over an 8 hr working day ot 40 hr working week throughout a working lifetime
threshold limit value TLV
it is the peak or max. conc of an airborne to which most workers could be safely exposed
maximal allowable concentration MAC
classification of toxic effects
chronic toxicity:
cumulative damage to specific organ system, occurs many months or years to hv recognizable clinical disease
acute toxicity:
occurs almost immediately after an exposure (hrs/days)
local toxicity:
occurs at site of chemical contact
systemic toxicity:
occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems
what chemical that must be avoided at all cost and why
carcinogenic chemicals
lead to cancer
what are the health effects
renal diseases
respiratory diseases
skin diseases
hematologic diseases
cardiovascular diseases
neurological diseases
carcinogenic
teratogenic
