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2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LEC) > occupational health > Flashcards

occupational health Flashcards

1
Q

according to WHO, occupational health is to promote and maintain the highest degree of ____, ____ and ____ well being of workers of all occupations.

A

physical
mental
social

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2
Q

occupational health is to prevent workers from ______ due to health caused by their working conditions

A

departures/ leaving their jobs

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3
Q

occupational health protect workers in their working environment from _____and _____ usually causing adverse health effects

A

hazards
risks

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4
Q

occupational health place and maintain a worker in an occupational environment to his/ her ______

A

physiological ability

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5
Q

define
hazard -
risk -

A

hazard - source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work

risk - chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to hazard

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6
Q

briefly explain the workplace hazards

A

SAFETY HAZARDS
harm to the workers, an immediate and violent nature = injure workers (broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains)
associated w poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and machinery

HEALTH HAZARDS
result in an illness
exposure to dangerous subs, chemicals, gases, noise, dust

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7
Q

true or false:
safety hazard is usually often between exposure and disease

A

false - health hazard
(frequent delay in time btwn when someone is exposed)

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8
Q

define worker’s susceptibility (examples)

A

worker’s increased risk to develop health probs
(age
race
gender
lifestyle
genetic factors
medical history)

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9
Q

workplace factors to consider the work-related disease

A

[PTMMD]
physical properties
timing of exposure
multiplicity of exposure (multiple)
magnitude of exposure
duration of exposure

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10
Q

chemical hazards
- route of entry into the body:
- route of excretion:

A
  • route of entry into the body:
    inhalation
    ingestion
    skin contact
  • route of excretion:
    gastro-intestinal (faeces)
    renal (urine)
    respiratory (exhalation)
    skin (sweat, hair, nails)
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11
Q

it is the indication of little toxicity of a given substance/ type of radiation/ chemicals

A

lethal dose

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12
Q

lethal dose is aka

A

median little dose

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13
Q

it is the point at which toxicity first appear

A

threshold

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14
Q

when does threshold occur

A

at the point where the body’s ability to detoxify or repair toxic injury has been exceeded

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15
Q

what happens if the threshold exceeds from the given substances of chemicals/ radiations

A

disease/ illness

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16
Q

what is the threshold of our body for chemical hazards

A

at 10 only

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17
Q

what happens if threshold exceeds more than 10

A

specific injury
toxicity that affect diff organs

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18
Q

briefly explain the types of concentration of toxic substances

A

TLV - threshold limit value:
safe average exposure limit over a typical work shift/ week for long-term exposures
MAC - maximal allowable concentration:
absolute max. peak lvl that shld never be exceeded at any time

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19
Q

it is the average conc. of an airborne subs to which most workers could be safely exposed over an 8 hr working day ot 40 hr working week throughout a working lifetime

A

threshold limit value TLV

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20
Q

it is the peak or max. conc of an airborne to which most workers could be safely exposed

A

maximal allowable concentration MAC

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21
Q

classification of toxic effects

A

chronic toxicity:
cumulative damage to specific organ system, occurs many months or years to hv recognizable clinical disease

acute toxicity:
occurs almost immediately after an exposure (hrs/days)

local toxicity:
occurs at site of chemical contact

systemic toxicity:
occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems

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22
Q

what chemical that must be avoided at all cost and why

A

carcinogenic chemicals
lead to cancer

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23
Q

what are the health effects

A

renal diseases
respiratory diseases
skin diseases
hematologic diseases
cardiovascular diseases
neurological diseases
carcinogenic
teratogenic

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24
Q

physical hazards

A

noise
vibration
extreme temp
illumination
radiation

25
briefly explain the types of noise-induced hearing loss
temporary threshold shift (auditory fatigue): temporary loss after exposure to loud noise recovery within 16-48 hours permanent threshold shift: irreversible loss of hearing
26
early signs of hearing loss
Difficulty in understanding spoken words in noisy environments Need to be near or look at the person speaking to help understand words Familiar sounds are muffled Complaints that ppl dont speak clearly Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)
27
what are the other harmful effect effects of noise
hypertension - as it increases high blood pressure, heart rate hyperacidity - contractility of the stomach/ stomach acids palpitations disturbs relaxation and sleep
28
a physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical energy from oscillating sources
vibration
29
what are the types of vibration
segmental vibration -HAVS: hand arm vibration syndrome -Tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers pain whole body vibration - fatigue - irritability - headache - disorders of the spine
30
sources of heat stress and cold enviro
heat stress : natural conditions hot work processes related to furnaces, kilns, boilers and smelting cold enviro: ice plants and freezers in food industry
31
health effects of heat stress and cold enviro
heat stress: prickly temp (miliaria rubia) heat cramps heat exhaustion heat stroke cold enviro: frostbite (common) reddening of skin localized burning pain numbness (toes, cheeks, nose, fingers, ears) trench foot or immersion foot
31
what are the recommended illumination levels cutting cloth/ fine machining- transcribing handwriting/ drafting- welding/ first aid station- lunch room/ rest room-
cutting cloth/ fine machining- more than 2000 transcribing handwriting/ drafting- 1000 welding/ first aid station- 500 lunch room/ rest room- 300 units, Min Lighting Level = (lux) amt of light needed to see clearly
32
health effects of inadequate illumination
Visual fatigue Double vision Headaches Painful irritation Lacrimation Conjunctivitis
33
source of radiation
x-rays microwave power frequency
34
it is an electromagnetic spectrum
radiation
35
types of radiation - sources (health effects)
ionizing - xrays and gamma rays (cancer, congenital defects, death) non-ionizing - ultraviolet, infrared, laser (skin redness, skin cancer, retinal injury, skin and eye probs)
36
what are the 4 biological hazards
bacteria fungi parasites viruses
37
possible cause of HIV and AIDS
needle pricking or improper handing of blood
38
what causes AIDS
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
39
it is a serious and usually fatal condition in which the body’s immune system is severely weakened and cannot fight off infection
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
40
body fluids with high viral load
Blood Semen Vaginal and cervical mucus Breastmilk Amniotic fluid Cerebrospinal fluid
41
HIV/ AIDS mode of transmission
unprotected penetrative sex (semen, blood, vaginal secretions) blood transfusion on infeccted blood and blood products sharing needles among I.V users breastfeeding
42
what bacteria causes tuberculosis
mycobacterium
43
tuberculosis mode of transmission and its symptoms
droplet nuclei release when sneezing or coughing symptoms: Weight loss, low grade afternoon fever, persistent cough and sometimes, blood-streaked expectoration or hemoptysis
44
what is one combating system for tuberculosis and how many are cured
DOTS strategy 90% cure rate
45
human biological sci + engineering sci =
max. Satisfaction and increase productivity
46
what is the goal of ergonomic hazards
reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) developed by workers
47
they are injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints or spinal discs
MSD: musculoskeletal disorders
48
common symptoms of MSDs
Painful joints Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists, forearms, shoulders, knees and feet Shooting or stabbing pains Swelling or inflammation Fingers or toes turning white Back or neck pain Stiffness
49
risk factor of ergonomics
Static posture Forceful exertion Repetitive movement Extreme range of motion Awkward posture
50
it is the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job that do not match the capabilities, resources or need of the worker.
stress
51
effects of stress
Brain and nerves Skin Muscles and Joint Reproductive system Stomach4 Heart Intestines Immune system Pancreas
52
manifestation of stress
psychological: Fatigue Anxiety Tension Irritability Depression Boredom Inability to concentrate Low esteem physiological: Heart rate Blood pressure Indigestion behavorial: Drug use Alcohol intake Heavy smoking Impulsive emotional behaviour Poor work and family relationship Social isolation Family abandonment Sleep problems
53
health promotion: immunization
OSHS, Rule 1960 occupational safety and health standards - require certain vaccination to protect employees from illness related due to their jobs
54
health promotion: smoking cessation
RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 - regulates smoking in public including workplace to protect ppl from secondhand smoke
55
health promotion: HIV/ AIDS
RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 - prohibits discrimination
56
health promotion: drug abuse prevention and control
RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002 - prevent and control the abuse of illegal drugs Department Order No. 53-03: Guidelines for the Implementation of a Drug-Free Workplace Policy and Program for the Private Sector
57
health promotion: tuberculosis prevention and control
Executive Order No. 187, Instituting a Comprehensive and Unified Policy for Tuberculosis Control in the Ph (CUP-March 2003) -control the spread of TB Department Order No. 73-05: Guidelines for the Implementation of Policy and Program on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in the Workplace - implement prevention and control measures like screening, treatment and edu programs
58
benefits to the workers of health promotion
Enhanced worker motivation and job satisfaction Added problem-solving capacity Greater acceptance of change Greater knowledge of work and organization Reduces the extent and severity of work related injuries and illness Improve employee morale and productivity Reduces worker’s compensation costs

2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LEC) (10 decks)

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