community and public health for mls (week 4)

Question 1

what is the difference between non-communicable disease vs communicable disease regarding infectiousness and risk of disease

Answer 1

non-communicable disease - not infectious. cannot spread from one person to another. risk factors r genetics, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures.
communicable disease - infectious and can spread. put entire population at risk.

Question 2

An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means

Answer 2

communicable disease

Question 3

it is chronic mental illness

Answer 3

non communicable disease

Question 4

non communicable disease:
injuries which may be followed by ____ and ____

Answer 4

prolonged convalescence (a longer than normal recovery period after illness)
impaired functions (when parts of the body cannot work properly due to disease/ injury)

Question 5

every how many seconds does a person dies prematurely from a NCD

Answer 5

2 seconds

Question 6

____ of pre mature deathes occur in low- and middle income countries

Answer 6

85%

Question 7

low- and middle- income countries are estimated to surpass ______ per year in economic losses due to NCDs

Answer 7

500 billion

Question 8

Every dollar invested in proven NCD intervention in low- and lower middle-income countries will generate at least ____ in increase economic development of reduced health care system

Answer 8

7 dollars

Question 9

types of non communicable disease

Answer 9

cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease & stroke)
cancer
chronic lung disease
chronic neurologic disorders (Alzheimer’s & dementias)
arthritis/ musculoskeletal disease
diabetes

Question 10

characteristics of NCDs

Answer 10

functional origin/ disability
incurability
insidious onset
multiple risk factors
prolonged course of illness
complex etiology
long latency period
non-contagious origin

Question 11

risk factor is defined as:
an aspect of ____ or ____, an ____ or ____ that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury or other health condition

Answer 11

personal behavior
lifestyle
environmental exposure
heredity characteristics

Question 12

what is the difference between modifiable risk factor and non-modifiable risk factor

Answer 12

modifiable risk factor: can be reduced or controlled by intervention
non-modifiable risk factor: cannot “”

Question 13

what are the 4 modifiable risk factor that WHO has prioritized

Answer 13

physical inactivity
unhealthy diets
tobacco use
alcohol use

Question 14

what are some non-modifiable risk factor

Answer 14

age
gender
race
family history (genetics)

Question 15

what are the common risk factor in
cardio vascular:
diabetes:
cancer:
chronic respiratory:

Answer 15

cardio vascular + diabetes + cancer: all the modifiable risk factor
chronic respiratory: tobacco use only

Question 16

what are the leading cause of death

Answer 16

cardiovascular disease
chronic respiratory disease
cancer
diabetes

Question 17

diabetes mellitus is a grp of _____ characterized by ______ resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

Answer 17

metabolic disease
hyperglycemia

Question 18

it is the increase of blood glucose level

Answer 18

diabetes mellitus

Question 19

diabetes mellitus can develop

Answer 19

cardiovascular disease
retinopathy
amputation
nephropathy

Question 20

what are the 4 diagnosis for diabetes mellitus

Answer 20

HbA1c
fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dl
an OGTT with a 2hr postload level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl
symptoms of diabetes plus a random plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl

Question 21

type 1 diabetes is also known as

Answer 21

juvenile diabetes

Question 22

inappropriate hyperglycemia primarily a result of pancreatic islet β-cell destruction and a tendency to ketoacidosis.

Answer 22

type 1 diabetes

Question 23

type 1 diabetes can develops in any age but first in___ and ___

Answer 23

Children and young adult

Question 24

type 1 diabetes is the deficient in insulin production by _____. produce _____ to_____ insulin

Answer 24

the pancreas
little
none

Question 25

characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual's resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect

Answer 25

type 2 diabetes

Question 26

in type 2 diabetes, most patients oof this type are _____ or have an increase percentage of _____

Answer 26

obese body fat distribution in the abdominal region

Question 27

type 2 diabetes goes _____for many years and is associated with a strong genetic predisposition, with patients at increased risk with an increase in ___, _____, and lack of ____

Answer 27

undiagnosed age, obesity, physical exercise

Question 28

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health

Answer 28

obesity

Question 29

what is BMI

Answer 29

(body mass index) classify overweight and obesity

Question 30

WHO defines overweight as a BMI: obesity as a BMI:

Answer 30

overweight as a BMI: equal to or more than 25 obesity as a BMI: equal or more than 30

Question 31

formula of BMI

Answer 31

weight in kilogram / (height inn meter)^2

Question 32

what is the number one cause of death globally

Answer 32

heart disease and stroke

Question 33

examples of cardiovascular disease

Answer 33

heart disease and stroke

Question 34

how to prevent cardiovascular disease:

Answer 34

address risk factor like tobacco use unhealthy diet obesity physical inactivity high blood pressure diabetes

Question 35

how many people died from cardiovascular disease in ____

Answer 35

12.3 million 2008

Question 36

what is the percentage of the global deaths in cardiovascular disease

Answer 36

30%

Question 37

low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected with over ____ of global CVD deaths

Answer 37

80%

Question 38

cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders of the heart and the blood vessels which include

Answer 38

coronary heart disease congenital heart disease cerebrovascular disease peripheral arterial disease rheumatic heart disease

Question 39

it is the leading cause of chronic-disease related death in the world, with around 10 million people dying every year.

Answer 39

cancer

Question 40

at least ____ of the cancers are _____ and many cases and deaths can be averted through _____

Answer 40

1/3 preventable prevention and early detection

Question 41

cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. around ____ people die from cancer a year

Answer 41

10 million

Question 42

it is the rapid, abnormal cell growth that then spreads to other parts of the body

Answer 42

cancer this process is called metastasis

Question 43

how many percentage of cancers are preventable

Answer 43

30%

Question 44

what are the risk factors of cancer

Answer 44

tobaccos use obesity physical inactivity infections alcohol enviro pollution uv radiations

Question 45

how to prevent cancer

Answer 45

implement evidence based strategies for cancer prevention , screening and early detection, treatment and palliative care

Question 46

what is the percentage of lung cancer deaths and chronic respiratory disease worldwide

Answer 46

71% - lung cancer deaths 42% - chronic respiratory disease

Question 47

2nd hand smoker: severe respiratory health problems in ____, like ____ and ____

Answer 47

children asthma reduced lung function

Question 48

what increase the risk of respiratory disease in children and adults

Answer 48

indoor air pollution from biological agents

Question 49

how to prevent chronic respiratory disease

Answer 49

wide range of comprehensive policies to reduce and elimiate tobacco smoke

Question 50

causation pathway of most chronic non-communicable disease

Answer 50

root determinants (age, gender, ethnicity, urbanization, socio-economy) underlying determinants (unhealthy diets, alcohol, physical inactivity, poor sleep) immediate determinants (obesity, high blood, glucose) chronic diseases (heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancers)

Question 51

what is the non communicable disease: progress monitor 2022 by WHO

Answer 51

2008 - 2013 action plan for the global strategy for the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease [diagram]

Question 52

what are the 6 objectives of the 2008 - 2013 action plan

Answer 52

promote research and innovations raise awareness and mobilize action reduce risk factors strengthen health system build partnership and collaboration

Question 53

what is the first global ministerial conference on healthy lifestyle and non communicable disease control about?

Answer 53

raise awareness and political commitment share best practices and lessons learned strengthen collaboration and partnership commit to action and accountability