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2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LEC) > community and public health for mls (week 4) > Flashcards

community and public health for mls (week 4) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between non-communicable disease vs communicable disease regarding infectiousness and risk of disease

A

non-communicable disease - not infectious. cannot spread from one person to another. risk factors r genetics, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures.
communicable disease - infectious and can spread. put entire population at risk.

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2
Q

An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means

A

communicable disease

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3
Q

it is chronic mental illness

A

non communicable disease

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4
Q

non communicable disease:
injuries which may be followed by ____ and ____

A

prolonged convalescence (a longer than normal recovery period after illness)
impaired functions (when parts of the body cannot work properly due to disease/ injury)

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5
Q

every how many seconds does a person dies prematurely from a NCD

A

2 seconds

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6
Q

____ of pre mature deathes occur in low- and middle income countries

A

85%

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7
Q

low- and middle- income countries are estimated to surpass ______ per year in economic losses due to NCDs

A

500 billion

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8
Q

Every dollar invested in proven NCD intervention in low- and lower middle-income countries will generate at least ____ in increase economic development of reduced health care system

A

7 dollars

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9
Q

types of non communicable disease

A

cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease & stroke)
cancer
chronic lung disease
chronic neurologic disorders (Alzheimer’s & dementias)
arthritis/ musculoskeletal disease
diabetes

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10
Q

characteristics of NCDs

A

functional origin/ disability
incurability
insidious onset
multiple risk factors
prolonged course of illness
complex etiology
long latency period
non-contagious origin

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11
Q

risk factor is defined as:
an aspect of ____ or ____, an ____ or ____ that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury or other health condition

A

personal behavior
lifestyle
environmental exposure
heredity characteristics

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12
Q

what is the difference between modifiable risk factor and non-modifiable risk factor

A

modifiable risk factor: can be reduced or controlled by intervention
non-modifiable risk factor: cannot “”

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13
Q

what are the 4 modifiable risk factor that WHO has prioritized

A

physical inactivity
unhealthy diets
tobacco use
alcohol use

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14
Q

what are some non-modifiable risk factor

A

age
gender
race
family history (genetics)

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15
Q

what are the common risk factor in
cardio vascular:
diabetes:
cancer:
chronic respiratory:

A

cardio vascular + diabetes + cancer: all the modifiable risk factor
chronic respiratory: tobacco use only

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16
Q

what are the leading cause of death

A

cardiovascular disease
chronic respiratory disease
cancer
diabetes

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17
Q

diabetes mellitus is a grp of _____ characterized by ______ resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

A

metabolic disease
hyperglycemia

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18
Q

it is the increase of blood glucose level

A

diabetes mellitus

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19
Q

diabetes mellitus can develop

A

cardiovascular disease
retinopathy
amputation
nephropathy

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20
Q

what are the 4 diagnosis for diabetes mellitus

A

HbA1c
fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dl
an OGTT with a 2hr postload level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl
symptoms of diabetes plus a random plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl

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21
Q

type 1 diabetes is also known as

A

juvenile diabetes

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22
Q

inappropriate hyperglycemia primarily a result of pancreatic islet β-cell destruction and a tendency to ketoacidosis.

A

type 1 diabetes

23
Q

type 1 diabetes can develops in any age but first in___ and ___

A

Children and young adult

24
Q

type 1 diabetes is the deficient in insulin production by _____. produce _____ to_____ insulin

A

the pancreas
little
none

25
Q

characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual’s resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect

A

type 2 diabetes

26
Q

in type 2 diabetes, most patients oof this type are _____ or have an increase percentage of _____

A

obese
body fat distribution in the abdominal region

27
Q

type 2 diabetes goes _____for many years and is associated with a strong genetic predisposition, with patients at increased risk with an increase in ___, _____, and lack of ____

A

undiagnosed
age, obesity, physical exercise

28
Q

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health

A

obesity

29
Q

what is BMI

A

(body mass index)
classify overweight and obesity

30
Q

WHO defines
overweight as a BMI:
obesity as a BMI:

A

overweight as a BMI: equal to or more than 25
obesity as a BMI: equal or more than 30

31
Q

formula of BMI

A

weight in kilogram / (height inn meter)^2

32
Q

what is the number one cause of death globally

A

heart disease and stroke

33
Q

examples of cardiovascular disease

A

heart disease and stroke

34
Q

how to prevent cardiovascular disease:

A

address risk factor like
tobacco use
unhealthy diet
obesity
physical inactivity
high blood pressure
diabetes

35
Q

how many people died from cardiovascular disease in ____

A

12.3 million
2008

36
Q

what is the percentage of the global deaths in cardiovascular disease

A

30%

37
Q

low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected with over ____ of global CVD deaths

A

80%

38
Q

cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders of the heart and the blood vessels which include

A

coronary heart disease
congenital heart disease
cerebrovascular disease
peripheral arterial disease
rheumatic heart disease

39
Q

it is the leading cause of chronic-disease related death in the world, with around 10 million people dying every year.

A

cancer

40
Q

at least ____ of the cancers are _____ and many cases and deaths can be averted through _____

A

1/3
preventable
prevention and early detection

41
Q

cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. around ____ people die from cancer a year

A

10 million

42
Q

it is the rapid, abnormal cell growth that then spreads to other parts of the body

A

cancer
this process is called metastasis

43
Q

how many percentage of cancers are preventable

A

30%

44
Q

what are the risk factors of cancer

A

tobaccos use
obesity
physical inactivity
infections
alcohol
enviro pollution
uv radiations

45
Q

how to prevent cancer

A

implement evidence based strategies for cancer prevention , screening and early detection, treatment and palliative care

46
Q

what is the percentage of lung cancer deaths and chronic respiratory disease worldwide

A

71% - lung cancer deaths
42% - chronic respiratory disease

47
Q

2nd hand smoker: severe respiratory health problems in ____, like ____ and ____

A

children
asthma
reduced lung function

48
Q

what increase the risk of respiratory disease in children and adults

A

indoor air pollution from biological agents

49
Q

how to prevent chronic respiratory disease

A

wide range of comprehensive policies to reduce and elimiate tobacco smoke

50
Q

causation pathway of most chronic non-communicable disease

A

root determinants (age, gender, ethnicity, urbanization, socio-economy)
underlying determinants (unhealthy diets, alcohol, physical inactivity, poor sleep)
immediate determinants (obesity, high blood, glucose)
chronic diseases (heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancers)

51
Q

what is the non communicable disease: progress monitor 2022 by WHO

A

2008 - 2013 action plan
for the global strategy
for the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease
[diagram]

52
Q

what are the 6 objectives of the 2008 - 2013 action plan

A

promote research and innovations
raise awareness and mobilize action
reduce risk factors
strengthen health system
build partnership and collaboration

53
Q

what is the first global ministerial conference on healthy lifestyle and non communicable disease control about?

A

raise awareness and political commitment
share best practices and lessons learned
strengthen collaboration and partnership
commit to action and accountability

2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LEC) (10 decks)

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