Occupation Theory Flashcard
Varieties Revision
Occupation in the context that we are interested in, refers to a person’s job, profession or e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Employment
Most workplaces and employers have lexis that is specific to them. What do we call this?
Restricted lexis or jargon
Most of the terms in a McDonalds employees handbook is accessible, even outside of the context of the text. Why is this?
Because it is a low skilled job and often a first job
A good example of more complex and less accessible lexis used in other professions is?
The British legal profession
What does ‘Voir Dire’ mean in the British Legal Lexis?
Say what you see. Tell the truth
What does ‘prima facie’ mean in the British Legal Lexis?
On the face of it.
What does ‘sub poena’ mean in the British Legal Lexis?
Under penalty
Law has a great deal of specialist terminology because of the need for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Precision
Law has a great deal of specialist terminology because of the very long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of law as a qualified profession
History
Law has a great deal of specialist terminology because of the desire to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ non-lawyers
Exclude
Law has to be VERY _ _ _ _ _ and unambiguous as the consequences of getting it wrong are so severe
Clear
What does ‘jarhead’ mean in the American Military Lexis?
Empty headed or stupid or the type of haircut
What does ‘rain locker’ mean in the American Military Lexis?
Shower
What does ‘deep 6’ mean in the American Military Lexis?
36 feet deep (Get rid of it by throwing it overboard)
The military forms what type of network?
A closed network
Military service affects a great deal of its personnel’s _ _ _ _ _
Lives
One of the reasons why the military lexis exists is because of the need to create a sense of group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and L _ _ _ _ _ between service personnel.
Membership and loyalty
Because servicemen and women tend to associate only with each other for long stretches, it often leads to specialist vocabulary as speakers can assume a great deal of _ _ _ _ _ _ knowledge.
Shared
The army only works if everyone has a sense of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to everyone else and a shared language is a way of creating this.
Commitment
One example of using restricted lexis and jargon in very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ situations is by doctors in their medical notes.
Informal
An example of jargon used by a doctor in their medical notes is when they use the term ‘CTD’ - What does this mean?
Circling the drain
An example of jargon used by a doctor in their medical notes is when they use the term ‘GPO’ - What does this mean?
Good for Parts Only
An example of jargon used by a doctor in their medical notes is when they use the term ‘TEETH’ - What does this mean?
Tried Everything Else, Try Homeopathy
An example of jargon used by a doctor in their medical notes is when they use the term ‘NFR’ - What does this mean?
Normal For Rochdale
Why do Medics initialise phrases such as ‘NFR’ or TEETH’ or ‘GPO’?
Because they can cause offense to patients, their carers and friends and family.
In the medical field, there are some words that have a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ medical definition (used by those in the medical profession) as well as an ordinary usage (used by ordinary people and non-medical professions)
Specific
An example of a word that has a specific medical definition, as well as an ordinary usage is the term ‘_ _ _ ‘ which doctors use to mean ‘Acute highly contagious respiratory diseases caused by orthomyxoviruses’
Flu
An example of a word that has a specific medical definition, as well as an ordinary usage is the term ‘p _ _ _ _ _ _ _’ which doctors use to mean a ‘psychosis characterized by systematized delusions of persecution’
Paranoid
An example of a word that has a specific medical definition, as well as an ordinary usage is the term ‘n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ‘ which doctors use to mean ‘suffering from a mental disorder that affects the personality and is accompanied by a distorted perception of reality’
Neurotic
What is an acronym?
A word formed from the initial letters of other words which you pronounce as one word.
What is an initialism?
A word formed from the initial letters of other words
While acronyms and initialisms exist for the form of brevity, they also serve as a marker of _ _ _ _ _ membership for those who are able to use and understand them
Group
An example of an acronym which belong to the education profession is ‘ _ _ _ _ ‘ which means General Certificate of Secondary Education
GCSE
An example of an acronym which belong to the education profession is ‘ _ _ _ ‘ which means Pupil Referral Unit
PRU - Pupil Referral Unit
Jargon or occupational restricted lexis is often used to form an _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ code.
In-group
In-group codes allow you to raise the status of the occupation by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ others
Excluding
In-group codes allow you to create a sense of u _ _ _ _ or b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amongst member of the profession as you all know the secrets.
Unity or belonging
In some occupations, speakers may need to c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with their interlocutor. For example, teachers often need to c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with their students when explaining unfamiliar and challenging concepts
Converge / Converge
What is a service encounter?
A transactional interaction in which one person provides goods or services.
Service encounters typically contain o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and o _ _ _ _ _ _ of service.
Openings and offers
Service encounters typically contain n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of service.
negotiations
Service encounters typically contain c _ _ _ _ and l _ _ _ _ taking.
Close and leave
The predictable nature of some features in a teacher’s report is a sign that the speaker or writer is part of which community?
A discourse community
Membership of a discourse community also helps to determine 4 things. What are they?
a) topic 2) lexical choice 3) status 4) politeness features
Goffman described discourses as ‘f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _’ and ‘b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _’ conversations.
Frontstage and backstage
According to Goffman, which identify is a person performing during a fronstage conversation?
Professional identity.
According to Goffman, which identify is a person performing during a backstage conversation?
A different identity to a professional identity.
Drew and Heritage said that workplace conversations are ‘_ _ _ _-oriented’
Goal-orientated
Drew and Heritage said that within a workplace, there are constraints on what participants will treat as ‘_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ contributions’
Allowable
Goffman also claimed workplace conversations not even or equal. What term did he use for this?
Asymmetrical conversation
According to Goffman, who demonstrate dominant behaviour?
Superiors
According to Goffman, who demonstrates deferential behaviour?
Inferiors
Norman Fairclough’s said that workplace talk has a d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conversationalist
Dominant and recessive
Norman Fairclough’s said that if people give conflicting accounts, generally the person with what type of power is most likely to be trusted and believed because they are held to have greater “Members’ Resources,” i.e. background knowledge and information
The most power.
What does Norman Fairclough mean when he speaks about ‘members resources’?
Background knowledge and information
Lev Vygotsky said that s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ language ensures that one person (the worker) is seen as in charge and in control by the other (the customer)
Sophisticated or authoritative
