Ethnicity Theory Flashcards
Varieties Revision
Ethnicity refers to one’s family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, linking one historically and culturally to places where one’s antecedents lived.
heritage
Pidgins and creoles are languages that draw their lexis largely from one language, but 3 things from several others. What are those 3 things?
Syntax, grammar and phonology
Many Pidgins and Creoles are based on European languages in areas that have been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by European nations.
Colonised
Communities start by creating a pidgin, which many people speak but which isn’t any community’s _ _ _ _ _ language.
First
If a pidgin survives, what does it become?
A creole
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ often provides the right conditions for the development of a pidgin.
Colonisation
If two speech communities meet and their need to communicate lasts long enough for it to be worthwhile, usually one of the languages will become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and will be used by both communities.
Dominant
A creole is the first, second or third language of a community?
First
A pidgin is a language that has grown up between communities that do not have a mutually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ language.
intelligible
What does intelligible mean?
Easily understood?
Pidgins most often serve the function of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or trading language
Lingua franca
A lingua franca is most usually concerned with what?
Routine communication between different communities e.g. buying and selling
What does ‘my shackup’ mean in Bamboo English?
Unmarried exclusive sexual partner
What does ‘cut a chogy’ mean in Bamboo English?
Leave, go away
What does ‘boonies’ mean in Bamboo English?
The remote countryside
Much of the lexis in Bamboo English was concerned with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ items with which the soldiers were not provided by the army; for example drugs and prostitution.
illicit
Bamboo English is an English-based pidgin that grew up on which continent in the 1960s?
South East Asia
A pidgin isn’t anyone’s _ _ __ _ _ language.
first
Once the pidgin is used as a speech communities first language, what does it become?
A creole
It was the policy of the colonial government to divide _ _ _ _ _ _ communities
Speech
The slaves developed pidgin languages in order to c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with each other.
Communicate
The _ _ _ _ _ of these languages tended to be drawn from English because it was the only language that they had in common.
lexis
The grammar and phonology was often drawn from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and the original African languages of the workers.
English
Jamaican creole is also known as which other names?
Patwa or Patois
What is the first language of most people in Jamaica?
Patwa or Patois
The p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ available in a pidgin have to be present in all of the speakers’ original languages.
Phonemes
What does ‘kraikrai’ mean in Kamtok?
Cry continuously
What term would we use for ‘kraikrai’?
Reduplication
In Kamtok, they would say ‘Di tu big pepa’ instead of ‘the two big newspaper’. What is this an example of?
Not marking plural nouns
Creolised and Pidginised Englishes tend not to distinguish between g _ _ _ _ _ _ in either nouns or pronouns
Genders
How long have most Creoles been in contact with Standard English for?
Up to three hundred years
What is the prestige form in Jamaica?
Standard English