Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nathan's 2024 E Block > Gender Theory Flashcards > Flashcards

Gender Theory Flashcards

Varieties Revision

1
Q

What is the name of Lakoff’s model?

A

The Deference Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Lakoff say about Women’s Language?

A

That there are 10 features specific to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 10 features in Lakoff’s Deference Model?

A

Hedges, superpolitness, hypercorrectness, tag questions, speaking in italics, empty adjectives, use of implication, special lexicon, question intonation, no sense of humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who criticised Lakoff?

A

Dubois and Crouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Dubois and Crouch find in their criticism?

A

Men use more tag questions. However, these tags are not used to try and gain support and are used instead to maintain discussion or be polite and show cooperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Dominance Model is a response to which model?

A

The Deference Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Dominance Model states that men deliberately behave in an uncooperative way when talking to women in order to?

A

undermine and dominate them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Zimmerman and West looked at dominance through?

A

Turn taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which two irregularities in turn taking did Zimmerman and West look at?

A

Overlaps and Interruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Overlaps are very close to the?

A

TRP (Transactional Relevance Point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interruptions are seen as v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the turn taking process

A

Violations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interruptions are not near the?

A

TRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interruptions are far more common in which gender?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who criticised Zimmerman and West?

A

Beattie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Beattie say about the size of the data sample?

A

It was very small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Beattie challenge Zimmerman and West’s interpretation of?

A

Interruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who else criticised Zimmerman and West?

A

Eakens and Eakens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eakens and Eakens found that _ _ _ _ _ _ as well as gender determined whether someone would get interrupted or not

A

status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eakens and Eakens found that there was a “h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ preference” as people of a higher status were not interrupted as much

A

Hierarchal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why are minimal responses used?

A

To show active participation in a conversation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which type of minimal response did Zimmerman and West identify in their study?

A

Delayed Minimal Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Delayed Minimal Reponses are when a speaker gives a minimal response at the appropriate point but only after a

A

Pause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Delayed minimal responses show that a listener is demonstrating a lack of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the conversation.

A

interest and enthusiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fishman noted that women used the tag question ‘y’know’ how many times more than men?

A

5 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fishman claimed that tag questions such as ‘y’know’ are used as an attempt by the woman speaking to stimulate a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from her male interlocutor.

A

response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Janet Holmes identified two types of tag questions. What are they?

A

Speaker-orientated and addressee-orientated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Speaker-orientated tags are used for the benefit of whom?

A

The speaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Addressee-orientated tags are used for the benefit of whom?

A

The listener

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did Janet Holmes’s study find that is contrary to Lakoff’s claims?

A

That men and women use the same number of tags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the name of the theorist who found that women introduce more topics than men?

A

Victoria DeFransisco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did DeFransisco say that women did in order to keep their conversations going?

A

Work harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

DeFransisco said that women are less successful at getting their conversation?

A

Accepted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

DeFransisco said that women undertake ‘C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and adapt their conversations to help men.

A

‘Conversational Shitwork’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

De Francisco claimed that male silence and i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is used to control conversation.

A

inexpressiveness

35
Q

Helena Leet-Pelligrini discovered that gender and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are both good predictors of conversation dominance.

A

expertise

36
Q

Leet-Pelligrini said that male experts are the _ _ _ _ verbose

A

most

37
Q

Leet-Pelligrini said that female non-experts are the _ _ _ _ _ verbose

A

least

38
Q

The Difference Model states that men and women use language for different?

A

purposes

39
Q

Tannen said that men and women’s language is different because of differences in upbringing and social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

conditioning

40
Q

According to Tannen, women’s conversation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ talk and is used to establish and maintain relationships.

A

rapport

41
Q

According to Tannen, men’s conversation is _ _ _ _ _ _ talk and is predominantly used to give information.

A

report

42
Q

In The Different Model women are seen to be conditioned or socialised into seeing talk as ‘the _ _ _ _ that holds relationships together’.

A

glue

43
Q

What is the binary opposite of the following: Status v _________

A

support

44
Q

What is the binary opposite of the following: Independence v _________

A

Intimacy

45
Q

What is the binary opposite of the following: advice v __________

A

understanding

46
Q

What is the binary opposite of the following: information v __________

A

Feelings

47
Q

What is the binary opposite of the following: orders v __________

A

Proposals

48
Q

Tannen identified two kinds of Turn Violations. Name them.

A

Uncooperative Overlaps and Cooperative Overlaps

49
Q

Tannen states that Co-operative overlaps are a sign of “ H _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ speakers.”

A

high involvement

50
Q

Anna Bodine claimed that language is ‘A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ‘

A

Androcentric

51
Q

Anne Bodine said that language favours which gender?

A

Men

52
Q

Anne Bodine said that in speech, women are judged by?

A

Male standards

53
Q

Deborah Jones claims that women’s talk falls into one of four categories. Name the four categories

A

House Talk Chatting Bitching Scandal

54
Q

What is the name of Jane Pilkington’s study?

A

The Bakery Study

55
Q

What did Jane Pilkington study in a bakery for 9 months?

A

same-sex conversations

56
Q

Pilkington found that women use talk to affirm what?

A

Solidarity

57
Q

How often do women agree with each other in Pilkington’s study?

A

Frequently

58
Q

Pilkington found that men find long pauses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Acceptable

59
Q

Carmen Fought said that girls and young women popularise vocal trends and slang, and use embellishments in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ways.

A

sophisticated

60
Q

Carmen Fought said that “If women do something like uptalk or vocal fry, it’s immediately interpreted as insecure, emotional or even stupid. The truth is this: Young women take linguistic features and use them as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for building relationships.”

A

power tools

61
Q

Koenraad Kuiper found that in all-male talk amongst members of a rugby team, men were likely to pay less attention to the need to save face and instead use i _ _ _ _ _ _ as a way of expressing s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

insults solidarity

62
Q

In Kuiper’s Changing Room Study, what happened to those who showed that they were angered or hurt by the insults?

A

They were ostracised by the group

63
Q

The Diversity Model opposes ideas of “biological d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “

A

determinism

64
Q

According to the Diversity Model, what is language influenced by?

A

The roles we play in society and the way we interact socially with others.

65
Q

What is the name of Janet Hyde’s Hypothesis?

A

Gender Similarities Hypothesis

66
Q

What does Janet Hyde claim in her hypothesis?

A

That there are far more similarities between female and male speech than differences.

67
Q

What did O’Barr and Atkins discover in their Courtroom Study?

A

that the differences that Lakoff identified are not necessarily the result of being a woman, but of being powerless.

68
Q

What is the name of O’Barr and Atkins’s Study?

A

The Courtroom Study

69
Q

O’Barr and Atkins discovered that the differences that Lakoff identified are not necessarily the result of being a woman, but are a result of being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Powerless

70
Q

O’Barr and Atkins suggested that the features described by Lakoff as ‘Women’s Language’ should be re-named to?

A

Powerless Language

71
Q

Deborah Cameron argues that sex difference in language is a _ _ _

A

myth

72
Q

Cameron argues that women speak more because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ means more to women

A

communication

73
Q

Cameron argues that men use language competitively to gain

A

status

74
Q

Cameron argues that men and women talk so differently that m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ often arises between the sexes

A

miscommunication

75
Q

Cameron argues that language is a p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

peformance

76
Q

Cameron used the phrase v _ _ _ _ _ h _ _ _ _ _ _ to refer to the ways in which people regulate their language and communication to conform to social expectations and norms.

A

‘verbal hygiene’

77
Q

Butler say that gender is not linked to biology. Instead, it is a series of r _ _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ that imitate expected gender roles and norms that we repeat constantly.

A

Ritual Acts

78
Q

Butler believes that _ _ _ _ _ _ is constructed through language, not the other way round

A

Gender

79
Q

Butler claims that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ performances expose the performative nature of femininity

A

Drag Queen

80
Q

In drag, men perform the gender norms we expect of women. They show that behaviour that seems natural and linked to biology is, in fact a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ determined performance.

A

Socially

81
Q

In imitating gender, drag reveals the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ structure of gender itself.

A

imitative

82
Q

Baxter researched the relationship between language, gender and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the workplace.

A

Leadership

83
Q

Baxter claimed that women are as capable as men of being powerful and can also use language to maintain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Dominance

84
Q

Cameron believes that any noticeable language differences in gender are because of the e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ placed on us by society and not because of biological.

A

expectations

Nathan's 2024 E Block (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions