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BDS2 OCB > OCB04-2005 > Flashcards

OCB04-2005 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the entry point to the alimentary canal?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What are the two main regions of the oral cavity?

A

Oral cavity proper

Vestibule

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3
Q

What separates the oral cavity proper and the vestibule?

A

Teeth/alveolar ridge

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the mouth?

A

Roof/superiorly = maxilla (anterior 2/3s) and palatine bones (posterior 1/3) of hard palate

Anteriorly = maxilla and mandible

Floor/inferiorly and posterior wall = soft tissues/muscles

Laterally = buccinator

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5
Q

Which bone separates the oral and nasal cavities?

A

Maxilla

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6
Q

Which bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla (ant 2/3)

Palatine (post 1/3)

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7
Q

What muscles form the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Anterior belly of digastric

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8
Q

What is the function of the lips?

A

Act as a sphincter to grasp food, suckle, speech

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9
Q

Describe the lips (muscle).

A

Musculofibrous folds containing the orbicularis oris and its accompanying vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What blood vessels supply the lips?

A

Superior and inferior labial arteries

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11
Q

What vessel do the labial arteries branch from?

A

Facial artery

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12
Q

What innervates the lips?

A

Infraorbital nerve from V2 = upper lip

Mental nerve from V3 = lower lip

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13
Q

Describe the cheeks.

A

Continuous with lips and make up the movable walls of the oral cavity

Contain muscle (principally the buccinators) encapsulated by fat

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14
Q

What is the function of the cheeks?

A

Suckling, facial expression, speech, eating

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15
Q

What arteries supply the cheek and what are they branches of?

A

Buccal arteries

From the maxillary artery

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16
Q

What innervates the cheeks afferently?

A

Buccal branches of V3

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17
Q

What are the lips and cheeks covered with?

A

Externally = skin

Internally = mucous membrane

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18
Q

What is the vermillion border?

A

Transitional zone between skin and mucous membrane (edge of lips)

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19
Q

Why do we need to lick the vermillion border regularly?

A

No salivary glands so lick to prevent dryness

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20
Q

How are the cheeks and lips involved in eating/chewing?

A

Buccinator pushes cheeks toward teeth to prevent food squeezing into vestibule

Lips prevent food going into vestibule and from falling out of mouth

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21
Q

What innervates the cheeks efferently?

A

Facial nerve

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22
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

Fibres from C1 (travel with C.XII)

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23
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid?

A

V3

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24
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

V3

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25
What innervates the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth?
V2
26
What innervates the mucous membrane of the lateral walls and floor of the mouth?
Lingual branch of V3
27
What is the function of the teeth?
Cut/incise food and break food down mechanically Assist with speech
28
What innervates the teeth?
Alveolar branches of V2 for upper teeth Alveolar branches of V3 for lower teeth
29
How do nerves reach the pulp?
Apical foramina
30
What are the functions of the tongue?
Taste, mastication, deglutition, speech, oral cleaning
31
What are the three parts of the tongue?
Root Body Apex/tip
32
What is the tongue dorsum?
Superior surface of the body of the tongue
33
How is the tongue split into body and root?
Anterior 2/3 = body, found within oral cavity Posterior 1/3 = root, found in oropharynx
34
Describe the tongue.
Collection of muscles that together make a mobile, muscular organ, covered by mucosa
35
What do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?
Change tongue position
36
What do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?
Change tongue shape
37
Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue.
Anterior 2/3 = lingual nerve of V3 for general sensation and chorda tympani of facial/C.VII for taste Posterior 1/3 (and vallate papillae) = lingual branch of glossopharyngeal/C.IX for taste and general sensation
38
Describe the motor innervation of the tongue.
Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII) for all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus Pharyngeal branch/plexus of vagus for palatoglossus
39
Describe the blood supply of the tongue.
Primarily via lingual artery (from external carotid) which runs deep to the hyoglossus muscle and enters at root of tongue
40
What is the lingual artery a branch of?
External carotid artery
41
Describe the venous drainage of the tongue.
Dorsum and sides of tongue = posterior lingual veins that lead to the lingual vein which drains into the internal jugular Remainder = deep lingual veins and sublingual veins that lead to the lingual vein which drains into the internal jugular
42
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue.
Each region has different routes but they all ultimately drain towards the deep cervical lymph nodes Passes into general circulation at "venous angles"
43
Where are the venous angles?
Where jugular and subclavian veins meet
44
What are the functions of the salivary glands?
Keep mouth moist Moisten food and dissolve chemicals to taste Forms bolus to aid swallowing Enzymes begin digestion
45
What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?
Form upper part of respiratory tract Moisten and warm inspired air Filter air Act as a resonating chamber for speech
46
Describe the nose.
Cartilage frame covered with skin protruding from the face Varies in size but all have thick skin covering cartilage and extending into the nasal openings (nares) where thick hairs help filter the incoming air
47
Describe the nasal cavity.
Irregularly shaped, high, deep and narrow chamber within skull, divided by the nasal septum
48
What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Roof = cribriform plate of ethmoid Floor = palatine bones Anteriorly = nose Posteriorly = nasopharynx
49
Describe the walls of the nasal cavity.
Lined by mucosal layer that produces mucus to cover surface and trap dust Cilia propel particles and mucus towards nasopharynx
50
What are the conchae and their function?
3 pairs of circular, tube-like protrusions in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Force incoming air to swirl around and slow it down enough to be warmed and filtered
51
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Air-filled cavities Walls composed of mucus-secreting epithelium Empty into nasal cavity and help to moisten surface of nasal cavity
52
What are the four pairs of paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary Ethmoidal Frontal Sphenoidal
53
Which arteries supply the nasal cavity?
Ophthalmic Maxillary Facial
54
Which veins drain the nasal cavity?
A plexus of veins leading to the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine and facial veins
55
What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?
Anterosuperiorly = ophthalmic/V1 Posteroinferiorly = maxillary/V2
56
How many frenal attachments are there?
3 (sup/inf labial, lingual)
57
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into the nasal cavity?
Middle conchae
58
What is ankyloglossia?
"Tongue-tie" Lingual frenulum extends too far
59
Which tonsillar structures form Waldeyer's Ring of lymphoid tissue?
Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils Pharyngeal tonsil Tubal tonsils
60
Where are the palatine tonsils found?
Between the fauces (palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus)
61
Where are the lingual tonsils found?
Posterior 1/3 of tongue dorsum
62
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil found?
Roof of nasopharynx
63
Where are the tubal tonsils found?
Roof of nasopharynx
64
Which structures of Waldeyer's Ring are covered in respiratory epithelium?
Pharyngeal tonsil Tubal tonsils
65
What epithelium covers the palatine and lingual tonsils?
Stratified, non-keratinising squamous epithelium
66
What is another term for the tubal tonsils?
Gerlach's tonsils
67
What is another term for the pharyngeal tonsil?
Adenoids
68
Do the adenoids have crypts?
No
69
What muscle is found in the uvula?
Musculus uvulae
70
Which muscle is the anterior pharyngeal arch?
Palatoglossus
71
Which muscle is the posterior pharyngeal arch?
Palatopharyngeus
72
Which muscles attach to the soft palate?
Tensor palati(ni) Levator palati(ni) Musculus uvulae
73
Which muscle tenses the soft palate?
Tensor palati(ni)
74
Which muscle elevates the soft palate?
Levator palati(ni)

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

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