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BDS2 OCB > OCB04-2005 > Flashcards

OCB04-2005 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the entry point to the alimentary canal?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What are the two main regions of the oral cavity?

A

Oral cavity proper

Vestibule

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3
Q

What separates the oral cavity proper and the vestibule?

A

Teeth/alveolar ridge

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the mouth?

A

Roof/superiorly = maxilla (anterior 2/3s) and palatine bones (posterior 1/3) of hard palate

Anteriorly = maxilla and mandible

Floor/inferiorly and posterior wall = soft tissues/muscles

Laterally = buccinator

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5
Q

Which bone separates the oral and nasal cavities?

A

Maxilla

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6
Q

Which bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla (ant 2/3)

Palatine (post 1/3)

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7
Q

What muscles form the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Anterior belly of digastric

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8
Q

What is the function of the lips?

A

Act as a sphincter to grasp food, suckle, speech

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9
Q

Describe the lips (muscle).

A

Musculofibrous folds containing the orbicularis oris and its accompanying vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What blood vessels supply the lips?

A

Superior and inferior labial arteries

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11
Q

What vessel do the labial arteries branch from?

A

Facial artery

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12
Q

What innervates the lips?

A

Infraorbital nerve from V2 = upper lip

Mental nerve from V3 = lower lip

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13
Q

Describe the cheeks.

A

Continuous with lips and make up the movable walls of the oral cavity

Contain muscle (principally the buccinators) encapsulated by fat

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14
Q

What is the function of the cheeks?

A

Suckling, facial expression, speech, eating

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15
Q

What arteries supply the cheek and what are they branches of?

A

Buccal arteries

From the maxillary artery

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16
Q

What innervates the cheeks afferently?

A

Buccal branches of V3

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17
Q

What are the lips and cheeks covered with?

A

Externally = skin

Internally = mucous membrane

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18
Q

What is the vermillion border?

A

Transitional zone between skin and mucous membrane (edge of lips)

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19
Q

Why do we need to lick the vermillion border regularly?

A

No salivary glands so lick to prevent dryness

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20
Q

How are the cheeks and lips involved in eating/chewing?

A

Buccinator pushes cheeks toward teeth to prevent food squeezing into vestibule

Lips prevent food going into vestibule and from falling out of mouth

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21
Q

What innervates the cheeks efferently?

A

Facial nerve

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22
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

Fibres from C1 (travel with C.XII)

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23
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid?

A

V3

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24
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

V3

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25
Q

What innervates the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth?

A

V2

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26
Q

What innervates the mucous membrane of the lateral walls and floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual branch of V3

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27
Q

What is the function of the teeth?

A

Cut/incise food and break food down mechanically

Assist with speech

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28
Q

What innervates the teeth?

A

Alveolar branches of V2 for upper teeth

Alveolar branches of V3 for lower teeth

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29
Q

How do nerves reach the pulp?

A

Apical foramina

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30
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Taste, mastication, deglutition, speech, oral cleaning

31
Q

What are the three parts of the tongue?

A

Root

Body

Apex/tip

32
Q

What is the tongue dorsum?

A

Superior surface of the body of the tongue

33
Q

How is the tongue split into body and root?

A

Anterior 2/3 = body, found within oral cavity

Posterior 1/3 = root, found in oropharynx

34
Q

Describe the tongue.

A

Collection of muscles that together make a mobile, muscular organ, covered by mucosa

35
Q

What do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

Change tongue position

36
Q

What do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

Change tongue shape

37
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue.

A

Anterior 2/3 = lingual nerve of V3 for general sensation and chorda tympani of facial/C.VII for taste

Posterior 1/3 (and vallate papillae) = lingual branch of glossopharyngeal/C.IX for taste and general sensation

38
Q

Describe the motor innervation of the tongue.

A

Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII) for all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

Pharyngeal branch/plexus of vagus for palatoglossus

39
Q

Describe the blood supply of the tongue.

A

Primarily via lingual artery (from external carotid) which runs deep to the hyoglossus muscle and enters at root of tongue

40
Q

What is the lingual artery a branch of?

A

External carotid artery

41
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the tongue.

A

Dorsum and sides of tongue = posterior lingual veins that lead to the lingual vein which drains into the internal jugular

Remainder = deep lingual veins and sublingual veins that lead to the lingual vein which drains into the internal jugular

42
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue.

A

Each region has different routes but they all ultimately drain towards the deep cervical lymph nodes

Passes into general circulation at “venous angles”

43
Q

Where are the venous angles?

A

Where jugular and subclavian veins meet

44
Q

What are the functions of the salivary glands?

A

Keep mouth moist

Moisten food and dissolve chemicals to taste

Forms bolus to aid swallowing

Enzymes begin digestion

45
Q

What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?

A

Form upper part of respiratory tract

Moisten and warm inspired air

Filter air

Act as a resonating chamber for speech

46
Q

Describe the nose.

A

Cartilage frame covered with skin protruding from the face

Varies in size but all have thick skin covering cartilage and extending into the nasal openings (nares) where thick hairs help filter the incoming air

47
Q

Describe the nasal cavity.

A

Irregularly shaped, high, deep and narrow chamber within skull, divided by the nasal septum

48
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

Roof = cribriform plate of ethmoid

Floor = palatine bones

Anteriorly = nose

Posteriorly = nasopharynx

49
Q

Describe the walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Lined by mucosal layer that produces mucus to cover surface and trap dust

Cilia propel particles and mucus towards nasopharynx

50
Q

What are the conchae and their function?

A

3 pairs of circular, tube-like protrusions in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Force incoming air to swirl around and slow it down enough to be warmed and filtered

51
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled cavities

Walls composed of mucus-secreting epithelium

Empty into nasal cavity and help to moisten surface of nasal cavity

52
Q

What are the four pairs of paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxillary

Ethmoidal

Frontal

Sphenoidal

53
Q

Which arteries supply the nasal cavity?

A

Ophthalmic

Maxillary

Facial

54
Q

Which veins drain the nasal cavity?

A

A plexus of veins leading to the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine and facial veins

55
Q

What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterosuperiorly = ophthalmic/V1

Posteroinferiorly = maxillary/V2

56
Q

How many frenal attachments are there?

A

3 (sup/inf labial, lingual)

57
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Middle conchae

58
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

“Tongue-tie”

Lingual frenulum extends too far

59
Q

Which tonsillar structures form Waldeyer’s Ring of lymphoid tissue?

A

Palatine tonsils

Lingual tonsils

Pharyngeal tonsil

Tubal tonsils

60
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils found?

A

Between the fauces (palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus)

61
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils found?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue dorsum

62
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil found?

A

Roof of nasopharynx

63
Q

Where are the tubal tonsils found?

A

Roof of nasopharynx

64
Q

Which structures of Waldeyer’s Ring are covered in respiratory epithelium?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

Tubal tonsils

65
Q

What epithelium covers the palatine and lingual tonsils?

A

Stratified, non-keratinising squamous epithelium

66
Q

What is another term for the tubal tonsils?

A

Gerlach’s tonsils

67
Q

What is another term for the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

Adenoids

68
Q

Do the adenoids have crypts?

A

No

69
Q

What muscle is found in the uvula?

A

Musculus uvulae

70
Q

Which muscle is the anterior pharyngeal arch?

A

Palatoglossus

71
Q

Which muscle is the posterior pharyngeal arch?

A

Palatopharyngeus

72
Q

Which muscles attach to the soft palate?

A

Tensor palati(ni)

Levator palati(ni)

Musculus uvulae

73
Q

Which muscle tenses the soft palate?

A

Tensor palati(ni)

74
Q

Which muscle elevates the soft palate?

A

Levator palati(ni)

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

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