Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS2 OCB > OCB02-2020 > Flashcards

OCB02-2020 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of gland are salivary glands?

A

Exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of disease is Sjogren’s syndrome and what is its dental relevance?

A

Autoimmune

Loss of salivary gland function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are possible consequences of a lack of saliva?

A

Tongue can become sore and red

Caries (esp in cervical areas)

Dry mouth (xerostomia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three major salivary glands called?

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the Wharton duct open?

A

Empties at sublingual caruncles (either side of lingual frenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an alternative name for the submandibular duct?

A

Wharton duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gland drains via the Wharton duct?

A

Submandibular gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the ducts of Rivinus open?

A

Sublingual surface at sublingual folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name given to the ducts draining the sublingual gland?

A

Ducts of Rivinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What gland drains via the ducts of Rivinus?

A

Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the Stensen duct open?

A

Next to buccal surface of upper 6/7s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the alternative name for the parotid duct?

A

Stensen duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What gland drains via the Stensen duct?

A

Parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Briefly describe a salivagram.

A

Imaging of the ductal trees and acini by injecting radiopaque dye into ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of salivary myoepithelial cells?

A

Wrap around acinus and stabilise acinus

Prevents acini cells expanding due to pressure during secretion (allows saliva to move into ducts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sequence of regions through which saliva travels from the acinus to the mouth?

A

Acinus = acinar cells

Intercalated duct

Striated duct

Excretory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are excretory ducts located in intra- or interlobular areas?

A

Interlobular areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What ducts are located intralobularly?

A

Intercalated duct

Striated duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In which histological layer are minor salivary glands found?

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How large are the secretory units of minor salivary glands?

A

1-2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of saliva is produced by minor salivary glands?

A

Sticky/lots of mucins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which mucosa’s minor salivary glands are most often used for diagnostic purposes?

A

Labial mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Do minor salivary glands receive sympathetic innervation?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does saliva from minor salivary glands reach the mouth?

A

Short ducts

Often join to secrete from one duct

25
What pair of salivary glands have been found in the nasopharynx?
Tubarial salivary glands
26
What may the function of tubarial salivary glands?
Lubrication Innate immune function
27
Briefly describe the nerve-mediated reflex of salivary secretion.
Oral stimuli activate receptors and sensory nerves Afferent pathway to nucleus tractus solitarius (brainstem) Interneurons conduct to superior and inferior salivary nuclei or down the thoracic spinal cord - salivary nuclei send parasympathetic efferents to major glands - thoracic spinal cord sends sympathetic efferents to submandibular and parotid glands
28
What influence do higher centres have on salivary secretion?
Modulate salivary nuclei in brainstem (+/-) Provides the only negative effect on secretion (inhibition)
29
Where are salivary nuclei found?
Pontine tegmentum or medulla
30
What oral stimuli may stimulate salivary secretion?
Gustatory/taste Masticatory Olfactory Thermoreceptive Nociceptive
31
Which cranial nerves are involved in the afferent pathway of salivary secretion?
Taste: - facial nerve (C.VII) - glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX) Mechano/themoreception: - trigeminal nerve (C.V)
32
Which autonomic ganglion is involved in parotid gland salivary secretion?
Otic ganglion (glossopharyngeal nerve)
33
Which autonomic ganglion is involved in sublingual and submandibular salivary secretion?
Submandibular ganglion (lingual nerve of facial nerve)
34
What type of receptor is found at the glands in parasympathetic control of salivary secretion?
Muscarinic
35
What type of receptor is found in the ganglia in parasympathetic control of salivary secretion?
Nicotinic
36
Describe the role of the thoracic spinal cord in salivary secretion.
Receives input from nucleus tractus solitarius via interneurons Sends sympathetic efferents to parotid and submandibular glands Synapses in sympathetic ganglia in the superior cervical ganglion region
37
What branch(es) of autonomic innervation supply the salivary glands?
Parotid and submandibular = parasympathetic and sympathetic Sublingual and minor = parasympathetic
38
What parts of the salivary glands do the autonomic nerves affect?
Myoepithelial cells = contract Blood vessels = dilate Duct cells = increase activity
39
What are the parasympathetic and sympathetic effects on salivary glands?
Parasympathetic: - evoke most fluid and some protein secretion - contract myoepithelial cells - cause vasodilatation ``` Sympathetic: - collaborates with PS - causes protein secretion - contract myoepithelial cells (no vasoconstriction and rarely fluid secretion) ```
40
More gland atrophy will be caused by the removal of which branch of the autonomic system from salivary glands?
Parasympathetic
41
What part of saliva formation are parasympathetic nerves responsible for? What receptors/transmitters are used?
Na and Cl secretion (and therefore water secretion that follows) Muscarinic ACh receptors
42
What part of saliva formation are sympathetic nerves mainly responsible for? What receptors/transmitters are used?
Protein secretion β-adrenoceptors with noradrenaline
43
What are α-adrenoceptors responsible for in saliva formation?
Small amounts of sympathetic salt and water secretion
44
What happens in striated salivary ducts?
Na+ and Cl- removed but water remains Secrete K+ into lumen Results in hypotonic saliva
45
What is the role of neuropeptides in saliva formation?
Stimulate protein secretion in minor salivary glands
46
Give an example of a neuropeptide that may be released for saliva formation and their function.
VIP (vasointestinal peptide) = protein secretion Substance P = fluid and electrolyte secretion
47
Describe what occurs in an acinar cell on stimulation (sympathetic and parasympathetic).
Parasympathetic: - ACh binds M3 receptors to trigger Gq signalling (PLC and IP3) - increase in intracellular calcium (from RER) causing electrolyte and fluid secretion (opening of Cl- channels) Sympathetic: - NA binds β-adrenoceptors to trigger Gs signalling (adenylyl cyclase and cAMP) - protein secretion
48
What drugs may impact acinar cell function?
Atropine (blocks muscarinic receptor) Propanolol (blocks β-adrenoceptors)
49
What is the formation of saliva mainly dependent on chemically?
Na+ gradient
50
What are the sodium concentrations inside and outside of acinar cells and how is this gradient maintained?
Intracellular = 10mM Extracellular = 143mM Na-K ATPase basolaterally (activity increases on stimulation)
51
How does an increase in intracellular calcium cause water movement into the lumen during saliva formation?
Causes apical Cl- channels to open so Cl- moves into lumen Lumen becomes electronegative so Na+ follows paracellularly Osmotic gradient formed by having NaCl in the lumen so water follows paracellularly (and partly by aquaporins)
52
What maintains a higher Cl- concentration in acinar cells?
Basolateral Na/K/2Cl transporter
53
How is saliva secretion returned to normal levels after the stimulus is removed?
Nerve signalling stops (parasympathetic) Calcium returned to RER Chloride channels close
54
Describe the protein secretion of acinar cells.
Acinar proteins are stored in granules (amylase, mucinm PRPs, statherin) Albumin found in small amounts Plasma cells produce IgA which are picked up by a transporter protein and carried across the cell NA binding to β-adrenoceptors causes release of stored acinar proteind
55
Describe the types of saliva secreted by each major gland.
Parotid = serous (amylase and non-mucin protein) Submandibular = mixed/seromucous Sublingual = mucous (mucins)
56
What are the ionic concentrations in isotonic saliva from acini?
145mmol Na+ 4mmol K+ 100mmol Cl-
57
What are the different ionic concentrations in the saliva during unstimulated and stimulated flow rates?
Unstimulated: - 2mmol Na+ - 25mmol K+ - 23mmol Cl- Stimulated: - 36mmol Na+ - 21mmol K+ - 28mmol Cl- - 30mmol HCO3-
58
Which salivary flow rate produces saliva that is more hypotonic?
Unstimulated (low flow rate)

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions