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BDS2 OCB > OCB04-2003 > Flashcards

OCB04-2003 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the cranial nerves serve and where do they connect to the CNS?

A

Head and neck

Attach at forebrain and brainstem

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2
Q

What do the spinal nerves serve and where do they connect to the CNS?

A

Below neck

Attach at spinal cord

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3
Q

Describe the sensory and motor column nuclei.

A

Column nuclei are groups of neurons

Sensory column nuclei receive peripheral sensory info (similar to DRG)

Motor column nuclei receive info from cortex and deliver it to the head and neck (similar to ventral part of spinal cord)

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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5
Q

What is the name of the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory nerve

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6
Q

What is the name of the second cranial nerve?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What is the name of the third cranial nerve?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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8
Q

What is the name of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear nerve

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9
Q

What is the name of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve?

A

Abducens nerve

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11
Q

What is the name of the seventh cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

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12
Q

What is the name of the eighth cranial nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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13
Q

What is the name of the ninth cranial nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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14
Q

What is the name of the tenth cranial nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of the eleventh cranial nerve?

A

(Spinal) accessory nerve

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16
Q

What is the name of the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear nerve (C.IV)

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18
Q

What structure is often considered the relay station of all nerve fibres?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Do sensory ganglia contain synapses?

A

No

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from the pons?

A

Trigeminal (C.V)

Abducens (C.VI)

Facial (C.VII)

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the inner ear? Where does it travel to?

A

Vestibulocochlear (C.VIII)

Cerebellopontine angle

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22
Q

Which cranial nerves attach at the medulla oblongata?

A

Glossopharyngeal (C.IX)

Vagus (C.X)

Accessory (C.XI)

Hypoglossal (C.XII)

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23
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve enter the cranium?

A

Cribriform plate

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24
Q

What is transmitted via the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve (C.I)

Meninges

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25
Where does the optic nerve enter the cranium?
Optic canal
26
What is transmitted by the optic canal?
Optic nerve (C.II) Ophthalmic artery
27
Where do the cranial nerves associated with eye movement leave the cranium?
Superior orbital fissure
28
Which cranial nerves are associated with eye movement?
Oculomotor (C.III) Trochlear (C.IV) Abducens (C.VI)
29
What is transmitted by the superior orbital fissue?
Oculomotor (C.III) Trochlear (C.IV) Ophthalmic division of trigeminal (V1) Abducens (C.VI) Ophthalmic veins
30
Where does V2 enter the cranium?
Foramen rotundum
31
What does the foramen rotundum transmit?
Maxillary division of the trigeminal (V2)
32
Where does V3 enter/leave the cranium?
Foramen ovale
33
What does the foramen ovale transmit?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal (V3)
34
Where does the middle meningeal artery leave the cranium?
Foramen spinosum
35
What does the foramen spinosum transmit?
Middle meningeal artery
36
Where does the internal carotid artery enter the cranium?
Opening of carotid canal (adjacent to foramen lacerum)
37
What is different about the foramen lacerum compared to the other cranial foramina?
Covered with cartilage in vivo
38
What is transmitted by the internal auditory/acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve (C.VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII) Labyrinthe artery
39
Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the cranium?
Internal auditory meatus
40
From where does the facial nerve exit the skull (not the cranial cavity)?
Stylomastoid foramen
41
What is transmitted by the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)
42
Where does the hypoglossal nerve leave the cranium?
Hypoglossal canal
43
What is transmitted by the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX) Vagus nerve (C.X) Accessory nerve (C.XI) Inferior petrosal sinus Sigmoid sinus
44
Where does the vagus nerve leave the cranium?
Jugular foramen
45
What is transmitted by the foramen magnum?
Spinal cord/medulla oblongata Vertebral arteries Accessory nerve (C.XI) Meninges (and CSF)
46
Which cranial nerve passes through the ethmoidal bone?
Olfactory nerve (C.I)
47
Which cranial nerves pass through the sphenoid bone?
Optic nerve (C.II) Oculomotor nerve (C.III) Trochlear nerve (C.IV) Trigeminal nerve (C.V) Abducens nerve (C.VI)
48
Which cranial nerves pass through the temporal bone?
Facial nerve (C.VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX) Vagus nerve (C.X) Accessory nerve (C.XI)
49
Which cranial nerve passes through the occipital bone?
Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)
50
Which cranial nerves are sensory/afferent only?
Olfactory nerve (C.I) Optic nerve (C.II) Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII)
51
Which cranial nerves are motor/efferent only?
Oculomotor nerve (C.III) Trochlear nerve (C.IV) Abducens nerve (C.VI) Accessory nerve (C.XI) Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)
52
Which cranial nerves are mixed (sensory and motor)?
Trigeminal nerve (C.V) Facial nerve (C.VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX) Vagus nerve (C.X)
53
Which cranial nerves have an autonomic component?
Oculomotor nerve (C.III) Facial nerve (C.VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX) Vagus nerve (C.X)
54
What is the joint between the first cervical vertebra and the skull?
Atlanto-occipital joint
55
Describe the autonomic component of the oculomotor nerve.
Motor Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to ciliary ganglion To supply sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle (constrict pupil)
56
Describe the autonomic component of the facial nerve.
Motor Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion --> lacrimal and nasal cavity glands Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to submandibular ganglion --> submandibular and sublingual glands
57
Describe the autonomic component of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Motor Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to otic ganglion To supply parotid gland
58
Which cranial fossa has the most foramina?
Middle cranial fossa
59
Which foramina are found in the posterior cranial fossa?
Jugular foramen Hypoglossal foramen Foramen magnum
60
Which muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?
Superior oblique muscle
61
Which muscle does the abducens nerve supply?
Lateral rectus
62
Which muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?
Superior, medial and inferior rectus Inferior oblique muscle Levator palpebrae superioris
63
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?
(Almost all) intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
64
Describe the general function of the vagus nerve.
Somatic motor to larynx and pharynx Taste to posterior pharynx Parasympathetic to gut and viscera
65
Describe the general function of the accessory nerve.
Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
66
Describe the general function of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Sensory to carotid body/sinus General sensation and taste to posterior tongue Sensory to middle ear and ear opening Parotid salivary gland secretion (parasympathetic)
67
Which muscles does the facial nerve innervate?
Muscles of facial expression
68
What are the five branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
69
Where does the chorda tympani arise from and what is its general function?
Branches from facial nerve and crosses interior eardrum to join V3 Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue Parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands
70
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal glands?
Facial nerve (C.VII)
71
What is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
Sensory to forehead and nasal cavity
72
What is the path of V2 into the cranium?
Inferior orbital foramen Through wall of maxillary sinus Foramen rotundum
73
What is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth and nasal cavity
74
What is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Sensory to chin, lower teeth and tongue Motor to muscles of mastication
75
What are the alternative names of the trigeminal ganglion?
Gasserion ganglion Semilunar ganglion
76
Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?
Petrous part of temporal in the trigeminal/Meckel's cave
77
What are the three parts of the trigeminal nucleus?
Mesencephalic Chief/principal Spinal

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

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