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BDS2 OCB > OCB04-2003 > Flashcards

OCB04-2003 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the cranial nerves serve and where do they connect to the CNS?

A

Head and neck

Attach at forebrain and brainstem

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2
Q

What do the spinal nerves serve and where do they connect to the CNS?

A

Below neck

Attach at spinal cord

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3
Q

Describe the sensory and motor column nuclei.

A

Column nuclei are groups of neurons

Sensory column nuclei receive peripheral sensory info (similar to DRG)

Motor column nuclei receive info from cortex and deliver it to the head and neck (similar to ventral part of spinal cord)

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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5
Q

What is the name of the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory nerve

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6
Q

What is the name of the second cranial nerve?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What is the name of the third cranial nerve?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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8
Q

What is the name of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear nerve

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9
Q

What is the name of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve?

A

Abducens nerve

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11
Q

What is the name of the seventh cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

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12
Q

What is the name of the eighth cranial nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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13
Q

What is the name of the ninth cranial nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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14
Q

What is the name of the tenth cranial nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of the eleventh cranial nerve?

A

(Spinal) accessory nerve

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16
Q

What is the name of the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear nerve (C.IV)

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18
Q

What structure is often considered the relay station of all nerve fibres?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Do sensory ganglia contain synapses?

A

No

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from the pons?

A

Trigeminal (C.V)

Abducens (C.VI)

Facial (C.VII)

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the inner ear? Where does it travel to?

A

Vestibulocochlear (C.VIII)

Cerebellopontine angle

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22
Q

Which cranial nerves attach at the medulla oblongata?

A

Glossopharyngeal (C.IX)

Vagus (C.X)

Accessory (C.XI)

Hypoglossal (C.XII)

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23
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve enter the cranium?

A

Cribriform plate

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24
Q

What is transmitted via the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve (C.I)

Meninges

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25
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the cranium?

A

Optic canal

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26
Q

What is transmitted by the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve (C.II)

Ophthalmic artery

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27
Q

Where do the cranial nerves associated with eye movement leave the cranium?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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28
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with eye movement?

A

Oculomotor (C.III)

Trochlear (C.IV)

Abducens (C.VI)

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29
Q

What is transmitted by the superior orbital fissue?

A

Oculomotor (C.III)

Trochlear (C.IV)

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal (V1)

Abducens (C.VI)

Ophthalmic veins

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30
Q

Where does V2 enter the cranium?

A

Foramen rotundum

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31
Q

What does the foramen rotundum transmit?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal (V2)

32
Q

Where does V3 enter/leave the cranium?

A

Foramen ovale

33
Q

What does the foramen ovale transmit?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal (V3)

34
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery leave the cranium?

A

Foramen spinosum

35
Q

What does the foramen spinosum transmit?

A

Middle meningeal artery

36
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery enter the cranium?

A

Opening of carotid canal (adjacent to foramen lacerum)

37
Q

What is different about the foramen lacerum compared to the other cranial foramina?

A

Covered with cartilage in vivo

38
Q

What is transmitted by the internal auditory/acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve (C.VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII)

Labyrinthe artery

39
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the cranium?

A

Internal auditory meatus

40
Q

From where does the facial nerve exit the skull (not the cranial cavity)?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

41
Q

What is transmitted by the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)

42
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve leave the cranium?

A

Hypoglossal canal

43
Q

What is transmitted by the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX)

Vagus nerve (C.X)

Accessory nerve (C.XI)

Inferior petrosal sinus

Sigmoid sinus

44
Q

Where does the vagus nerve leave the cranium?

A

Jugular foramen

45
Q

What is transmitted by the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord/medulla oblongata

Vertebral arteries

Accessory nerve (C.XI)

Meninges (and CSF)

46
Q

Which cranial nerve passes through the ethmoidal bone?

A

Olfactory nerve (C.I)

47
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic nerve (C.II)

Oculomotor nerve (C.III)

Trochlear nerve (C.IV)

Trigeminal nerve (C.V)

Abducens nerve (C.VI)

48
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the temporal bone?

A

Facial nerve (C.VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX)

Vagus nerve (C.X)

Accessory nerve (C.XI)

49
Q

Which cranial nerve passes through the occipital bone?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)

50
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory/afferent only?

A

Olfactory nerve (C.I)

Optic nerve (C.II)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (C.VIII)

51
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor/efferent only?

A

Oculomotor nerve (C.III)

Trochlear nerve (C.IV)

Abducens nerve (C.VI)

Accessory nerve (C.XI)

Hypoglossal nerve (C.XII)

52
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed (sensory and motor)?

A

Trigeminal nerve (C.V)

Facial nerve (C.VII)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX)

Vagus nerve (C.X)

53
Q

Which cranial nerves have an autonomic component?

A

Oculomotor nerve (C.III)

Facial nerve (C.VII)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (C.IX)

Vagus nerve (C.X)

54
Q

What is the joint between the first cervical vertebra and the skull?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

55
Q

Describe the autonomic component of the oculomotor nerve.

A

Motor

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to ciliary ganglion

To supply sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle (constrict pupil)

56
Q

Describe the autonomic component of the facial nerve.

A

Motor

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion –> lacrimal and nasal cavity glands

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to submandibular ganglion –> submandibular and sublingual glands

57
Q

Describe the autonomic component of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

A

Motor

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to otic ganglion

To supply parotid gland

58
Q

Which cranial fossa has the most foramina?

A

Middle cranial fossa

59
Q

Which foramina are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal foramen

Foramen magnum

60
Q

Which muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

Superior oblique muscle

61
Q

Which muscle does the abducens nerve supply?

A

Lateral rectus

62
Q

Which muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

Superior, medial and inferior rectus

Inferior oblique muscle

Levator palpebrae superioris

63
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

(Almost all) intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

64
Q

Describe the general function of the vagus nerve.

A

Somatic motor to larynx and pharynx

Taste to posterior pharynx

Parasympathetic to gut and viscera

65
Q

Describe the general function of the accessory nerve.

A

Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

66
Q

Describe the general function of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

A

Sensory to carotid body/sinus

General sensation and taste to posterior tongue

Sensory to middle ear and ear opening

Parotid salivary gland secretion (parasympathetic)

67
Q

Which muscles does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of facial expression

68
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

69
Q

Where does the chorda tympani arise from and what is its general function?

A

Branches from facial nerve and crosses interior eardrum to join V3

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands

70
Q

Which nerve innervates the lacrimal glands?

A

Facial nerve (C.VII)

71
Q

What is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory to forehead and nasal cavity

72
Q

What is the path of V2 into the cranium?

A

Inferior orbital foramen

Through wall of maxillary sinus

Foramen rotundum

73
Q

What is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth and nasal cavity

74
Q

What is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory to chin, lower teeth and tongue

Motor to muscles of mastication

75
Q

What are the alternative names of the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Gasserion ganglion

Semilunar ganglion

76
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?

A

Petrous part of temporal in the trigeminal/Meckel’s cave

77
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nucleus?

A

Mesencephalic

Chief/principal

Spinal

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

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