Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 1

Define ocd

Answer 1

-Recurrent, time consuming, disturbing obssessions and compulsions
- extremely resisitant to reason
- rituals fail to provide long term relief from anxiety

Question 2

Define obsessions

Answer 2

Persistent and intrusive thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images

Question 3

Define compulsions

Answer 3

Repetitive, purposeful, and intentional behaviours/ mental acts performed to relieve anxiety

Question 4

Types of compulsions

Answer 4

-Compulsive checking
- compulsive washing
- compulsive hoarding
-systematic arranging of objects
- superstitious ritualised movement or thoughts

Question 5

DSM criteria for diagnosing OCD

Answer 5

• Presence of obssessions or compulsions or both
• they are time consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or other important areas of functioning
• The symtpoms are not attributable to the direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
• the symptoms are not better accounted for another DSM 5disorder

Question 6

disorders related to ocd

Answer 6

Body dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Hair pulling disorder
skin picking disorder

Question 7

Genetic explanations for OCD

Answer 7

-High concordance for OCD in monozygotic twins (80-87%) -compared to dizygotic twins
Individuals with ocd in the family are more likely to be diagnosed with OCD

Question 8

Biological explanation for OCD

Answer 8

• Pathway overactive in people with OCD when confronted with obssession provoking stimuli

Question 9

Basal ganglia is responsible for…?

Answer 9

Motor, cognitive functions, intiation and execution for movement

Question 10

Orbital prefrontal cortex is responsible for…?

Answer 10

Decision making, reward evaluation, problem solving

Question 11

Anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for…?

Answer 11

Attention, error monitoring, focus, and avoiding distractions

Question 12

Psychological explanations for OCD

Answer 12

Clinical construct: combination of thoughts, beliefs and cognitive processes that are casually linked to symptoms of OCD.
3 clinical constructs:
1) Inflated responsibility
2)Mental contamination
3)Thought-action fusion

Question 13

Explain what ‘inflated responsibility’ is

Answer 13

The belief that one has pivotal powers to prevent negative outcomes

Question 14

what is ‘mental contamination’

Answer 14

-person feels internal dirtiness

Question 15

Thought- action fusion

Answer 15

belief that having unpleasant thoughts can be manifested into behaviour and into the real world

Question 16

what is thought suppression

Answer 16

deliberately suppressing thoughts can actually increase their frequency. rebound effect

Question 17

Treatments for OCD

Answer 17

Exposure and Ritual prevention
CBT
Pharmacological and neurological

Question 18

ERP for OCD

Answer 18

Most widely practiced and most successful treatment for OCD
Two components:
Exposure treatment
Response prevention treatment
This includes graduated exposure
E,g, for washing rituals, reduce the amount of times participating in the compulsion

Question 19

CBT for OCD

Answer 19

Targets and modifies dysfunctional beliefs

Question 20

Pharmacological or neurological treatments

Answer 20

short term effective and cheap
relapse is common
SSRI’s most common drug prescribed
Tricyclic antidepressants only effective when comorbid with depression
less effective than therapies