Observations, Interviews, And Surveys Flashcards
Chapter 4
Directly observable behavior such as talking and walking.
Overt Observation
☘ Cannot be directly observed such as feeling and thinking.
☘ Can still be explored through observable signs such as through body language, facial expressions, and through scientific methods such as polygraph testing.
Covert Observation
Commonly known as lie detector testing, is a method used to measure and record physiological responses to determine whether a person is being faithful or deceptive
Polygraph Testing
☘ Research participants’ behaviors are observed and recorded as they behave naturally or spontaneously in their natural environment or real life situation.
☘ It is also possible that in the midst of observing or recording responses, the observer may interfere with or influence the events under the study.
Naturalistic Observation
a change of behavior when a person knows that he/she is being observed.
Hawthorne Effect
Is a qualitative method in which the researcher interacts with the members of the group being studied.
Participant Observation
Four conditions in participant observations:
Complete Participation, Participant as Observer, Observer as Participant, Complete Observer
Where the observer is a full member of the group being studied.
Complete Participation
When the researcher spends a considerable amount of time with the group and attempts to become a full member of the group, but explains to the group from the beginning that they are conducting a research.
Participant as Observer
When the researcher spends only a limited amount of time with the group he or she is observing, seeking permission from the participants to join only with the activities that they wish to observe.
Observer as Participant
Does not involve himself or herself with the group being observed at all. Remains anonymous and not to be noticed by the participants. The participants do not need to be informed that they are being observed.
Complete Observer
☘ The collection technique is structured in a well defined and systematic manner.
☘ In some situations the researcher needs to spend time in their informants’ homes, participate in community and family events, and be participant-observer.
Structured Observation
are carried out in a controlled environment that has been set up by the researchers in an effort to make the situation as similar as possible for all participants.
Laboratory Observations
Involves a comfortable ambiance, mutual understanding, or empathy that makes communication possible or easy.
Rapport
Is an interaction between at least two persons. An interview is generally a qualitative research method which involves asking open-ended questions to talk with participants and collect data about the research topic.
Interviews
