Ethics of Research Flashcards
Chapter 2
Is the branch of philosophy concerned with conduct and character. It is also the systematic study of the principles and methods of distinguishing right from wrong and good from bad.
Ethics
What are most researchers confronted with?
Ethical issues
What is the area of concern that pose some ethical issues in instances where deception is needed.
Experimentation on Human Subjects.
It is needed to ensure the subjects with their rights and choices and must be obtained by law.
Informed Consent
Confidentiality, and data privacy are familiar examples of moral problems in research which are becoming moral problems for the larger society.
Informed Consent
Is a serious breach of ethics and can result in legal action.
Plagiarism
Intentional criminal deception, specifically intended to cheat or deceive others.
Fraud
Examples of fraud in research
Falsifying or fabricating data
Mandated the adherence to the universal principles for the protection of human participants in research.
The Philippine Health Research Ethics Board (PHREB)
In research practice, psychologists should strive to protect the rights and welfare of the people whom they work with (clients and research participants).
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Psychologists have a moral responsibility to ensure that the people whom they work with also uphold the highest ethical standards.
Fidelity and Responsibility
Psychologists should never attempt to deceive or misinterpret information in research and professional practice.
Integrity
Psychologists have a responsibility to be fair and impartial.
Justice
Psychologists should respect the right to dignity, privacy, and confidentiality of those whom they work.
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
The hope and intention of the APA is that these principles will inspire all psychologists to the highest ethical behavior possible, especially when conducting research involving humans.
Christensen, Johnson, & Turner 2015
(Author) ✧ Psychologists adhere to a number of ethical standards that are intended to promote individual dignity, human welfare, and scientific integrity.
✧ These standards are intended to ensure that psychologists do not undertake harmful research methods or treatments.
Rathus, 2017
Ethical guidelines are important in order to prevent negative participation in research. consequences of
NEWMAN & NEWMAN, 2009
Research participants have the right to know how their privacy will be protected and what steps will be taken to ensure the confidentiality of information or the anonymity of research participants. For purposes of confidentiality, participants can be assigned.
pseudonyms
Important part of the consent process. provides participants with a full explanation of the objectives and methods of the study, including the reason why it was necessary to deceive the participants.
Debriefing
Refers to the relevance of the study to an existing social or health problem such that the results are expected to bring about a better understanding of related issues, or contribute to the promotion of well-being of individuals, their families, and communities.
Social Value
In research involving human participants, the principle —- of should apply, which requires the equitable distribution of both the burdens and the benefits of participation in research.
distributive justice
Individuals and communities shall have access to the benefits related participation in the study
PHREB 2018
is required from all participants before they participate in research.
Fully informed consent
✧ Usually includes the explanation of the purpose of the research and the procedures to be employed; the foreseeable risks and benefits of participation; and the right to terminate their participation at any time they want.
✧ It should be written in a clear, concise, and simple manner so that the participants can easily understand and can make an informed decision about their participants.
Informed Consent
Two parts of Informed Consent:
Information sheet and consent Certificate
Templates were developed by: (1) (2) to assist researchers in the design of their formal consent forms.
World Health Organization (WHO), Ethics Review Committee (2022)
