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C2 - PSYCHOLOGY > Observations > Flashcards

Observations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a participant observation?

A

Where the researcher becomes part of the group to observe.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of participant observations?

A

Researcher can gather more in depth ideas and data.

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of participants observations?

A

Researcher may become more subjective.

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4
Q

What is a non-participant observation?

A

Researcher remains outside of the group to observe.

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5
Q

What are the advantages of non-participants observations?

A

Researcher is less bias.

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of non-participants observations?

A

May not gain as much information.

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7
Q

What is a covert observation?

A

Where the observer is not visible and participants are unaware they are being observed.

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8
Q

What is an overt observation?

A

Where the participants are aware they are being observed and observer is visible.

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9
Q

What are the advantages of covert observations?

A

Behaviour is more natural.

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of covert observations?

A

No informed consent gained, therefore deemed unethical.

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11
Q

What are the advantages of overt observations?

A

Ethical as informed consent is gained beforehand.

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of overt observation?

A

Participants may change before through social desirability.

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13
Q

What is a participant observation?

A

When researcher becomes part of the group they are observing.

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14
Q

What is a non-participant observation?

A

Researcher remains outside of the group being observed.

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15
Q

What are the advantages of participant observations?

A

Researcher can get in depth ideas and data.

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of participant observations?

A

Researcher may become subjective.

17
Q

What is an advantages of non-participants observations?

A

Researcher may be more objective.

18
Q

What is a disadvantage of non-participant observations?

A

May not gain information to such depth.

19
Q

What is a structured observation?

A

Researchers use systems to organise observations

20
Q

What are the advantages of structured observations?

A

Easier to record
Easier to replicate

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of structured interviews?

A

Information may be missed if doesn’t fit into a category

22
Q

What is an unstructed observation?

A

Researcher records all observations

23
Q

What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?

A

Detailed

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of unstructured observations?

A

Too much to record, may be missed
Open to researcher bias

25
Q

What is time sampling?

A

A pre-agreed schedule of when and how long the observation will take place
Design behavioural categories of anticipated behaviours

26
Q

What is an advantage of time sampling?

A

Reduces number of observations

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of time sampling?

A

May be unrepresentative of observation as a whole

28
Q

What is event sampling?

A

Design behavioural categories of anticipated behaviours
Tallying everytime a behavioural category is seen

29
Q

What is an example of behavioural categories?

A

When observing aggressive behaviour, the behavioural categories may be shouting, hitting and kicking

30
Q

How can we ensure inter-observer reliability within observations?

A

Observation should be carried out by at least more than two researchers

31
Q

What are the issues with validity within observations?

A

Observer bias
Issues with the coding system

32
Q

How can observer bias be overcome within observations?

A

Having more than one observer
Use a double blind technique

33
Q

How can issues with the coding system be reduced within observations?

A

Compare the catergories to similar observations already conducted

C2 - PSYCHOLOGY (24 decks)

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