Inferential Statistics Flashcards
What do inferential statistics help us to infer?
Whether the data is likely to be due to chance
What can be done with the hypothesis after the inferential statistic test?
Accept or Reject
What is step one when deciding on an inferential statistics test?
Discover the level of measurement e.g. nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio
What is step two when deciding on an inferential statistics test?
Finding whether the research is investigating a difference in variables or a relationship
What is step three when deciding on an inferential statistics test?
Finding what experimental design was used e.g. Independent groups, Repeated measures or matched
What is the way in remembering the tests table?
I Really Could Not Calculate Sums On Mondays Without Smiling
What test is used investigating a difference using Independent, Nominal data?
Chi-squared test
What test is used investigating a difference using Independent, Ordinal data?
Mann Whitney U test
What test is used investigating a difference using Related, Nominal data?
Sign test
What test is used investigating a difference using Related, Ordinal data?
Wilcoxon test
What test is used investigating a correlation using Ordinal data?
Spearman’s Rho
What is probability?
The likelihood of an event happening
What letter do psychologists use to represent probability?
P
What is there probability level in psychology?
P ≤ 0.05
What does P ≤ 0.05 mean?
There 95% chance that the results from a study were due to the IV and 5% they are due to other reason e.g. other factors or error
When might a stricter probability level be necessary?
When testing the development of new drugs or medication before being allowed to public consumption
What may the stricter probability level be?
P ≤ 0.01
What should a scientific theory always be?
Falsifiable
What does it mean if results of a study are significant?
Not due to chance
What does it mean if results of a study are non-significant?
Due to chance
If results are significant what should we do with the hypothesis?
Accept the alternative hypothesis and reject the null
If results are non-significant what should we do with the hypothesis?
Accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative
What should we compare our calculated (observed) value with to determine which hypothesis to accept?
The critical value
