Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology - Paper 1 - Research Methods > Observations > Flashcards

Observations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is Participant Observation?

A

The observer acts as a part of the group being watched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strengths of Participant Observation…

A

-Get better understanding being around them (increases reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Weaknesses of Participant Observation…

A

-Miss things happening with other participants elsewhere
-Might influence participants in group and be bias( decreases reliability/validity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Non-Participant Observation?

A

The observer doesn’t become part of the group being watched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strengths of Non-Participant Observation…

A

-Less observer bias as they’re not a part of the group(High validity)
-Able to observe everybody and not miss behaviour happening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Weaknesses of Non-Participant Observation…

A

-Wont fully understand as they’re not in the group(decreases reliability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Naturalistic Observation?

A

Observation that takes place in natural/ real setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Strengths of Naturalistic Observation

A

-Higher Ecological Validity- showing real behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Weaknesses of Naturalistic Observation

A

-Lots of confounding variables could happen( weather, uncoded behaviour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Controlled Observation?

A

Observation that takes place where some variables are controlled and manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strengths of Controlled Observation…

A

-Can control variables to prevent them from becoming confounding and affecting the results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weaknesses of Controlled Observation…

A

-Lower Ecological Validity- behaviour is in a controlled environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Structured Observation?

A

Determine the behaviours to be observed and sampling to be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strengths of a Structured Observation…

A

-Compare with others to increase reliability
-Can agree on specific behaviour types to tick right ones (increases validity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Weaknesses of a Structured Observation…

A

-Unanticipated behaviour might happen- can’t record it- (lose validity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an Unstructured Observation?

A

Observer records everything that happens with no preconception

17
Q

Strengths of Unstructured Observation…

A

-Records all behaviour (increases validity)

18
Q

Weaknesses of Unstructured Observation…

A

-Qualitative data- hard to compare
-Might miss something if observing everything (impacts validity)

19
Q

What is Overt ?

A

Open, people know they’re being observed

20
Q

Strengths of Overt …

A
  • More ethical (informed consent)
21
Q

Weaknesses of Overt…

A

-Might show demand characteristics (impacts validity)
-Social Desirability Bias- want to be seen positively (validity)

22
Q

What is Covert?

A

People don’t know they’re being observed

23
Q

Strengths of Covert…

A
  • More Ecological Validity- true behaviour as they’re unaware of observer
24
Q

Weaknesses of Covert…

A

-Less Ethical no informed consent

25
Q

What is Time Sampling?

A

Observations recorded at fixed time intervals and coded

26
Q

What is Event Sampling?

A

Keep a tally chart of each time a type of behaviour occurs- constantly observing for specific behaviours

27
Q

What is Time Event Sampling?

A

Combined Time and Event Sampling- Still observing at specific times but with a tick list of the behaviours.

28
Q

Why are Behavioural Categories needed in structured observations?

A

So that what is going to be observed and how its going to be observed is decided before

29
Q

What is a Coding Frame?

A

-List different behaviours as different categories or codes
-Allows other information to also be recorded quickly such as the severity and duration of the incident or who was involved

30
Q

Why do Observations lack reliability?

A

Something would be different each time you observe (confounding variables)

31
Q

How can you check consistency within observations?

A

-Use Inter-Rater Reliability by repeating the observation with a different observer, you should get the same results.

32
Q

How can you improve reliability?

A
  • Use a good coding scheme
    -Use wider categories
    -Single blind technique
    -Check validity by asking participants
33
Q

How can you use Inter- Rater Reliability within an Observation?

A

-Agree beforehand what will be observed
-Carry out a pilot study to ensure it works
-Each observer then observes the same things independently
-Results compared at the end
-Greater level of similarity= greater inter rater reliability
-This means your coding system is consistent- works the same way and produces the same results when used by different people

Psychology - Paper 1 - Research Methods (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions