Data

Question 1

What is Nominal Data

Answer 1

This refers to the level of data that is categorical and merely places a behaviour or person into a category with no further distinction. Examples of categorical data are male/ female or even subjects chosen at A Level.

Question 2

What is Ordinal Data

Answer 2

This refers to data where each participant has an individual score which can be put into order e.g. number of words recalled in a memory test

Question 3

What is Interval Data

Answer 3

This refers to data that has fixed units of measurement such as cm or IQ scores. Unlike ratio data this level of data has no true zero (you can’t have an IQ of 0) and therefore we cannot say that one score is proportionate to another.

Question 4

When are Bar Charts used

Answer 4

-used when data is in discrete categories
-use for nominal data and all measures of central tendency
-bars must be separate

Question 5

How are Pie Charts used

Answer 5

-need frequencies or populations that can be expressed as a fraction
-have to be confident that the data represents the whole population
-hard to compare

Question 6

How are Histograms and Line Graphs used

Answer 6

-show pattern in a whole data set where this is continuous data
-can show the distribution of scores
-line graph has connected points instead of bars

Question 7

What do Scatter Graphs show

Answer 7

-display the findings of correlational studies

Question 8

What is Raw Data

Answer 8

-data collected from each participant
-no mathematical analysis on this data

Question 9

What do Result Tables allow

Answer 9

-allow an overview of the data
-identify any outliers or anomolies which dont match the data

Question 10

What should you do to estimate the mean

Answer 10

Assume the midpoint

Question 11

What does ~ ~mean

Answer 11

Approximately equal to

Question 12

What is Measures of Dispersion

Answer 12

-Gives an indication of how spread out the results within a data set are
-uses range, variance and standard deviation

Question 13

What is the Range

Answer 13

• (Largest - Smallest +1)
  -Scales measures gaps between points
  -tells us how similar groups are

Question 14

What is Variance

Answer 14

-How close on average people in the data set are to the mean
-smaller the number , the more similar the participants are

Question 15

What is Standard Deviation

Answer 15

Tells us the average distance from each score from the mean

Question 16

What does Larger Standard Deviation mean

Answer 16

Tells you that theres a bigger difference of people in the group

Question 17

What does Smaller Standard Deviation mean

Answer 17

Tells you that they’re more similar

Question 18

What should the mode be used in

Answer 18

Nominal data

Question 19

What should the median be used in

Answer 19

Ordinal data

Question 20

What should the mean be used in

Answer 20

Interval data

Question 21

Parametric test

Answer 21

Inferential test that is based on certain assumptions, such as:

• Populations drawn from should be normally distributed.
• Variances of populations should be approximately equal.
• Should have at least interval.
• Should be no extreme scores.

Question 22

Non-parametric test

Answer 22

Inferential test that are not based on certain assumptions of the distribution of the data.

Question 23

Mann-Whitney U test

Answer 23

A non-parametric test used when the DV produces ordinal or interval type of data, there is an Independent Measures design and the research is exploring a difference between each condition (levels of the IV).

Question 24

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Answer 24

A non-parametric test used when the DV produces ordinal or interval type of data, there is a Repeated Measures design and the research is exploring a difference between each condition (levels of the IV).

Question 25

Chi Square

Answer 25

A non-parametric test used when the DV produces nominal type of data, there is an Independent Measures design and the research is exploring a difference between each condition (levels of the IV), or an association.

Question 26

Binomial Sign Test

Answer 26

A non-parametric test used when the DV produces nominal type data, there is a Repeated Measures design and the research explores a difference between each condition (levels of the IV).

Question 27

Spearman’s Rho

Answer 27

A non-parametric test used in correlational research, variables produce at least ordinal type of data and explore a relationship between co-variables.