Observational techniques Flashcards
What is a naturalistic observation?
It is an observation which happens where behaviour would usually take place. It is in the participant’s own environment
What is a strength of naturalistic observation?
High in external validity so can be genralised to everyday life
What are 2 weaknesses of naturalistic observations?
Uncontrolled extraneous variables difficult to judge behaviour
Lack of control difficult to replicate
What is a controlled observation?
It is when the researcher controls extraneous variables. The observation takes place in a set up situation/ place.
What is a positive of controlled observation?
Extraneous variables may be less of a factor so replication is easier
What is a negative of controlled observation?
Cannot be readily applied to real-life settings
What is a covert observation?
The researcher goes under cover and the participant does not know they are being watched.
What is a positive of covert observations?
It removes the problem of participant reactivity
What is a negative of covert observations?
Unethical people may not want to be watched and have their behaviours noted down
What is an overt observation?
It is when the participants know they are being observed. Participants give their informed consent.
What is a positive of an overt observation?
More ethically acceptable
What is a weakness of an overt observation
Being observed may act as a significant influence on their behaviour
What is participant observation?
The researcher takes an active role in the experiment.
What is a positive of participant observation?
Increase validity of findings
2 weaknesses of participant observation?
Hard to collect data
Lose objectivity
What is non-participant observation?
It is when the researcher remains separate from the investigation. They record behaviour in an objective manner.
What is a positive of non-participant observation?
Less danger of going native
What is a weakness of non- participant observation?
Too far removed from the participant and the behaviour they are trying to study
