Observarions Flashcards
Naturalistic Observation
Watching and recording behaviour in a setting within it would naturally occur
Controlled observation
Watching and recording behaviour within a structured environment.
Some aspects of the environment and organised by the researcher, enabling them to investigate the effects of particular subjects or situations on behaviour. For example, Ainsworth’s strange situation.
Overt observation
Participants behaviour is watched and recorded with their consent and knowledge
Covert observation
Participants behaviour is watched and recorded without their knowledge or consent
Participant observation
Researcher becomes a member of the group who’s behaviour is being observed and recorded
Non-participant observation
Researcher remains outside of the group whose behaviour they are watching and recording
Event sampling
A target behaviour or event is first established then the researcher records this event every time it occurs
Time sampling
A target group or individual is first established then the researcher records their behaviour in a fixed time frame
e.g. every 60 seconds
Strengths of time sampling
-Reduced observer bias
-Efficient due to time frame
Weaknesses of time sampling
-Inaccurate estimates as can only record behaviours at certain time stamps, ignores potential important data that happens outside of this- you may miss reoccurring behaviour -> low validity
-May underestimate someone’s behaviour
Strength of event sampling
-Ensures behaviours aren’t missed -> set out in behavioural categories
-Helps build a bigger picture
Weaknesses of event sampling
-If too many events/ behaviours occur at once, some may be missed -> reduces validity of study
-Time consuming
-Doesn’t explain why events are occurring (no cause and effect)
