Hypotheses

Question 1

Directional hypothesis

Answer 1

States the expected direction of the results.

Can be used when past research suggests that the findings will go in a particular direction.

Question 2

Example of a directional hypothesis

Answer 2

People who get an average of eight hours or more of sleep per night achieve higher marks in class tests than those who get fewer than eight hours of sleep per

Question 3

Non-directional hypothesis

Answer 3

States there is a difference between the two conditions, but does not state the direction of the difference.

Question 4

Example of a non-directional hypothesis

Answer 4

Lack of sleep affects performance in class tests than

Question 5

Operationalised hypothesis

Answer 5

E.g. ‘an average of eight hours or more sleep per night’ (IV) …. ‘higher marks in class tests’ (DV)