obs and. gynae physio Flashcards
what cells produce testosterone
Leydig cells
The Y chromosome so males contains what gene
SRY
what ducts forms male genitalia
Mesonephric (wolffian)
what gender has anti Mullerain hormone that degenerates the paramesonephric ducts
males
what ducts allow for the development of female genitals
paramesonephric
what leads to a bicornate uterus
fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
what cells form the blood testis barrier
sertoli cells
when sperm enter the female they undergo what
capacitation - removal of cholesterol and glycoproteins from the head of th esperm to allow it to bind to the zonal pellucida of the egg cell
what connective tissue cells can respond to LH and can secrete andorgens under its influence
theca folliculi
what cells form the zona pellucida
granulosa cells
consider follicles as secondary when
they have antrum (fluid filled space)
what stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone
Lh
what drives sperm production in sertoli cells
FSH
in females LH binds to what cells and that produces androgens
theca cells
in females FSH binds to what cells
granulosa cells - increase activins and inhibins (have positive and negatvie feedback on the pituitary)
when is the only time oestrogen positively feedback on LH and FSh
if there is high oestrogen levels
progesterone is released by what in females
corpus luteum
what has an inhibitory effect on LH and FSH
progesteroen
rise in LH causes what
increase in progesteron in females and increase in testosterone in males
rise in FSH causes what
increase in oestrogen synthesis and oogenesis in females and onset of sperm production in males
most common condition of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in males is
Klinefelters
body temperature increases in what phase
luteal
there is a peak of wha tin luteal phase
progesterone
dysmenorrhoea refers to
painful periods
menopause characterised by reduction of
circualting oestrogen
although oestrogen decreases in menopause what increase significntly
levels of FSH and LH
what protects bone mass
oestrogen
oestrogen is protective against what
heart disease
when is classed as early menopause
between 40-45
pre eclampsia is due to failed or incomplete differentiation of what cells
cytotrophoblastic cells
umbillical vein and arteroes are opposite ie
umbillical vein delivers oxygenated blood and umbillical arteries are used to transport deoxygenated blood
ductus arteriosis bypasses the
lungs
ductus venosus bypasses the
liver
patent ductus arteriosus has a
continous machinery murmur
widely split second heart sounds
patent foramen ovale
acrosomal reaction involbes
release of enzymes that digest the zona pellucida
what is it called when the zona pellucida is digested and the sperm fuses with the cell membrane of the oocyet. this causes icnrease in calcium levels
cortical reaction
what is responsble for iniitaing uterine contractions
oxytocin
what T3 and T4 levels rise in pregnancy
total
what leads to a decrease in blood pressure in the first and second trimester of pregnancy
progesterone
