last min Flashcards
GCS
used to diagnose coma
what tracts are affected in dcroticate posurimng
lateral corticospinal tracts are affected so rubrospinal tract takes over causing abnormal flexion of upper limbs and reticulpspinal tradct takes over causing extension of legs
in decerbrate both teh alteral corticospinal and rubro spinal tract are affected so what tract takes over
reticulospinal
what is generally spared in decorticate as opposed to decerebrate
midbrain
total volume of csf
150ml and about 450 ml is produced daily
as ICP rises what decreases to compensate (autoregulation)
cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure
crus cerebri causes
contralateral hemiparesis
tonsillar herniation causes
neck stiffness, abnormal neck posture and cheyne stokes breathing ( periods of tachypnoea and tachycardia followed by periods of bradycardia and bradypnea)
central herniation of brainstem can cause
diplopia due to 6th nerve palsy
subfalcine
weaknes in legs
dural venous sinus is between
periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
in the spine what layer of dura only exxists
the meningeal layer
what meninges is highly vascualrised
pia
temporoparietal skull fracture
extradural
in extradural haematoma what is tehn compressed to cause headahce, vomitting and contralateral hemiparesis
cerebral peduncle
bilateral subdural haematoms are more common in
chidlren due to absence of adhesions in subdural space
in chronic subdural what is considered the driving factor
brain atrophy
aspirin is a predisposing factor for subdural
most comnonpresentation for chronic subdural
headhace and confusions but can also have urianry incontince
gait in normal pressure hydrocephalus
shuffling
clue that suggests a obstructive hyrocephalus
4th ventricle is small in comparison the to lateral and third
congenital hydrocephalus is aminly due to
aqueductal stenossi
dialted scalp veins, setting sun appearance (downward devaition of the globe on lid retraction), Macewen sign (cracked pot sound on head percusiion)
congenital hydrocephalus
MRI best for
hydorcephalus however ct can confirm in acute situation