Objective Measures of PA + Sedentary Behaviour

Question 1

Def: Physical Activity (PA)

Answer 1

Any bodily movement resulting from contraction of skeletal muscle that results in an increase in EE above resting levels
Also defined as anything requiring more than 1.5 METs

Question 2

Def: Exercise

Answer 2

Planned, purposeful, repetitive PA

Question 3

How do you quantify PA and Exercise?

Answer 3

F - Frequency - How often
I - Intensity - How hard (HR, METs, RPE)
T - Time - how long
T - Type - What type

Question 4

Def: Sedentary Behaviour

Answer 4

Any waking behaviour requiring <1.5 METs

Question 5

What is the formula for Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE/TEE)?

Answer 5

TEE = Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) + Thermal Effect of Feeding (TEF) + Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE)
TEE = REE + TEF + AEE
AEE = Exercise Energy Expenditure (ExEE) + Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 6

What is Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Answer 6

Any energy expended that is not from sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise.
e.g. walking, working, typing, yard work, fidgeting

Question 7

What are two important characteristics used to classify PA measurement instruments?

Answer 7

Degree of participant burden
- Does the participant have to take effort to use this measure?
Whether they are subjective or objective

Question 8

What does reactivity mean in regards to PA measurement instruments?

Answer 8

e.g. the presence of a pedometer may cause you to increase your PA while wearing it

Question 9

What is the gold standard of PA measurement, and how does it work?

Answer 9

Doubly labelled water (DLW) - ingest radioactive water, can measure to see how quickly the different parts are excreted to see how much energy was expended

Question 10

What are the four types of PA measurement?

Answer 10

Direct observation
- Professional watches and tracks PA
Subjective
- Patient recall either on forms or to an interviewer about their PA
Objective INDIRECT
- indirect calorimetry, accelerometer, fitbit, smartphones
Objective DIRECT
- direct calorimetry, doubly labelled water

Question 11

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 11

The measurement of gas exchange (O2 consumption + CO2 production)

Question 12

What is direct calorimetry?

Answer 12

Enclosed box where participant exercises - heat loss and gas exchange are measured extremely precisely - but insanely expensive. Can be millions`