MSK Assessments Flashcards
What type of muscles are slow twitch?
Type I
What are some measures that MSK fitness can improve or maintain?
Bone mass
Glucose tolerance
Muscle mass
FFM & Resting metabolic rate
Efficiency of ADLs
Musculotendinous integrity
What are some of the most valuable reasons for MSK testing?
Establish baseline values
Determine resistance loads to use for training intensity
Assess risk of falling in older adults
Assess effectiveness of training programs
What are the 3 categories of MSK assessments?
Muscular:
Strength
Endurance
Power
Def: Muscular Strength
Ability of a muscle or muscle group to develop maximal contractile force against a resistance in a single contraction with proper technique
Force-Velocity Curve
Maximal strength - top left of graph
Concave, with power being in the middle, and speed being at the bottom right
Def: Muscular Endurance
Ability of a muscle to apply a sub maximal force for extended periods
Via both repeated contractions (dynamic) or one singular sustained contraction (isometric)
Def: Muscular Power
The rate at which one can perform work. A combination of strength and speed
How do we measure muscular power?
Power based movements - 1RM or %1RM of power based movements
Velocity based movements - vertical jump/bar speed movement
How do we measure muscular endurance?
Dynamic - absolute submaximal load (%1RM) + relative submax repetitions (pushups)
Isometric - timed contraction to failure (plank + back extension)
What are the types of muscle contractions?
Static
- Isometric
Dynamic
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isokinetic
- same speed throughout
- Isoinertial
- same force throughout
Why measure grip strength?
Grip strength that is lower than average for your age range and sex is correlated to a higher risk of heart failure and all cause mortality
- This is because grip strength is a good indicator for nerve and muscle fiber recruitment
What is the optimal sarcomere length?
2.0-2.25 micrometers
Overcontraction decreases the potential for further contractions
Stretching a sarcomere too far causes insufficient overlap of the myofilaments and less force will be produced
What are some other factors influencing strength?
Muscle length
Joint angle
Motor unit recruitment
Stretch-shortening cycle
What is the sticking point of a ROM?
The weakest point of a ROM. Resistance cannot exceed force generated in this position or weight would not be able to move past it
What are the three types of strength profiles for an exercise?
Ascending - hardest at bottom, stronger as joint extends
Descending - Hardest at top, easiest at bottom. E.g. Rows, chin-ups, leg curls
Bell curve - hardest in middle, easiest at end points. E.g. deadlift, bicep curl, leg extension
What order do motor units get recruited in?
Type 1, Type IIA, Type IIB
Def: Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC)
Pre0stretching a muscle by lengthening or doing an eccentric contraction prior to concentric contraction (i.e. preload)
