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physiology > objective 1-3 continued > Flashcards

objective 1-3 continued Flashcards

1
Q

aquaporin

A

allows water to flow freely

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2
Q

name the types of passive transport (5)

A
  1. channel mediated facilitated diffusion (bouncer, small hallway)
  2. carrier mediated facilitated diffusion (pacman glucose only)
  3. osmosis ( water transport)
  4. simple diffusion ( o2Co2)
  5. filtration (kidneys, uses pressure gradient H-L icing bag)
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3
Q

what are the types of active transport (2)

A

sodium potassium pump - requires atp - low to high - goes against concentration gradient
Vesicular transport - cell stays the same size, endocytosis (enter) exocytosis (exit)

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4
Q

what are the types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis - big -Yoshi
pinocytosis - little, cereal bowl
receptor mediated - scychronized swimmers

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5
Q

explain exocytosis

A

there is a V snare on the outside of the vesicle, and a T snare on the outside of the cell, when filled these fuse together to eliminate what was in the vesicle to the outside of the cell.

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6
Q

phagocytosis

A

when large molecules are engulfed into the cell and lysosomes are sent to help digest the molecule to make it smaller to be able to be distributed.

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7
Q

pinocytosis

A

makes a dent for small molecules to catch in. encloses these molecules and sends lysosomes to digest or use within the cell

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8
Q

receptor mediated

A

protein receptors are lined along the outside membrane, attach to molecules they are looking for and circle in to encapsulate the molecules which then diffuse with the help of lysosomes

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9
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

takes water out to make larger fatty acids

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10
Q

hydrolysis

A

adds water in to break apart fatty acids

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide’s - 1
disaccharide’s -2
polysaccharide’s - many

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12
Q

carb sugars = 5

A 
glucose 
fructose 
galatose 
ribose 
deoxyribose
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13
Q

what makes sucrose

A

glucose + fructose = sucrose

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14
Q

what makes lactose

A

glucose + galctose = lactose

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15
Q

what makes maltose

A

glucose + glucose = maltose

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16
Q

RNA has what sugar

A

ribose

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17
Q

DNA has what sugar

A

deoxyribose

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18
Q

what is an example of a plant based storage of a carb

A

starch

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19
Q

what is an example of a glycogen based storage of a carb

A

animal tissue

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20
Q

all organic molecules must contain what three things

A

oxygen, carbon & hydrogen

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21
Q

what are the four types of organic molecules

A

carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

22
Q

facts about lipids

A 
no common chemical formula 
insoluable or slightly soulable with a polar solvent (water)
no charge 
neutral 
non polar and water fearing
23
Q

what do lipoproteins do

A

they move lipids through the blood specifically cholesterol

24
Q

types of lipids

A

tryglycerides
phospholipids
steroids

25
Q

tryglycerides

A

are a type of lipid found in your blood, neutral, large molecules that compact storage

26
Q

what are omega 3 and 6

A

fatty acids with anti inflammatory properties

27
Q

phospholipids

A

have a glycerol back bone the heads are polar and the tails are non polar and hydrophobic , make up the phospholipid bilayer and look like sperm cells

28
Q

what are steroids

A

lipids that are hormones, testosterone, progesterone

29
Q

cytoskeleton

A

is the structural “bones” of the cell

30
Q

what are the three parts of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments - smallest part that move muscles
intermediate - middle sized, provide structure of the cell and resist pulling forces
microtubules - largest which determine shape

31
Q

what does RACEE stand for

A 
receptor 
afferent pathway 
control center 
efferent pathway 
effector
32
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

transport more protein then cholesterol

33
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

transport less protein then cholesterol

34
Q

what are DNA and RNA

A

nucleic acids

35
Q

dipepetide

A

combined amino acids

36
Q

proteins are

A

strings of amino acids that are not always simple most will be tertitary in structure

37
Q

to undue amino acids what must occur

A

hydrolysis to form one single amino agid

38
Q

why does your body need proteins

A

muscle formation
transport between cells
is part of the cell membrane

39
Q

enzymes play a large role in what

A

immunity

40
Q

steroids

A 
sex hormones 
made by glands 
have to travel in the blood stream 
not water soluable 
common structure
41
Q

what are the tails of phospholipids

A

fatty acids that are hydrophobic

42
Q

phospholipids make up what

A

part of the cell membrane, and play a role in the structure

43
Q

lipids are

A

hydrophobic - think oil and water

44
Q

plasma layer

A 
structure - 2 layer of lipids where proteins are inbedded 
function - external barrier, transports in and out of the cell
45
Q

cytoplasm

A 
structure - region between the nuclear and plasma membranes
function - consists of fluid containing dissolved solutes
46
Q

mitochondria

A 
structure - rodlike, double membrane structures
function - site of ATP synthesis - power house of the cell
47
Q

ribosomes

A 
structure - dense particles made of RNA and protein fee or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulium 
function -
48
Q

ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum

A 
structure - membranous system enclosing cavity externally studded to ribosomes 
function - sugar groups are attached to proteins, synthesize phospholipids
49
Q

SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum

A 
structure - membranous system of tubules, free of ribosomes 
function - site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification
50
Q

Golgi apparatus

A 
structure - a stack of flattened membranes and vesicles 
function - packages, modifies and segregates for protein secretion
51
Q

peroxisomes

A 
structure - membranous sacs of catalase and oxidose enzymes 
function - detoxify number of toxic substances - CATALASE breaks down HYDROGEN PEROXIDE  (liver of the cell )
52
Q

lysosomes

A 
structure - membranous sac containing acid hydrolases
function - sites of intracellular digestion

physiology (5 decks)

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