objective 1-3 continued

Question 1

aquaporin

Answer 1

allows water to flow freely

Question 2

name the types of passive transport (5)

Answer 2

1. channel mediated facilitated diffusion (bouncer, small hallway)
2. carrier mediated facilitated diffusion (pacman glucose only)
3. osmosis ( water transport)
4. simple diffusion ( o2Co2)
5. filtration (kidneys, uses pressure gradient H-L icing bag)

Question 3

what are the types of active transport (2)

Answer 3

sodium potassium pump - requires atp - low to high - goes against concentration gradient
Vesicular transport - cell stays the same size, endocytosis (enter) exocytosis (exit)

Question 4

what are the types of endocytosis

Answer 4

phagocytosis - big -Yoshi
pinocytosis - little, cereal bowl
receptor mediated - scychronized swimmers

Question 5

explain exocytosis

Answer 5

there is a V snare on the outside of the vesicle, and a T snare on the outside of the cell, when filled these fuse together to eliminate what was in the vesicle to the outside of the cell.

Question 6

phagocytosis

Answer 6

when large molecules are engulfed into the cell and lysosomes are sent to help digest the molecule to make it smaller to be able to be distributed.

Question 7

pinocytosis

Answer 7

makes a dent for small molecules to catch in. encloses these molecules and sends lysosomes to digest or use within the cell

Question 8

receptor mediated

Answer 8

protein receptors are lined along the outside membrane, attach to molecules they are looking for and circle in to encapsulate the molecules which then diffuse with the help of lysosomes

Question 9

dehydration synthesis

Answer 9

takes water out to make larger fatty acids

Question 10

hydrolysis

Answer 10

adds water in to break apart fatty acids

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

monosaccharide’s - 1
disaccharide’s -2
polysaccharide’s - many

Question 12

carb sugars = 5

Answer 12

glucose 
fructose 
galatose 
ribose 
deoxyribose

Question 13

what makes sucrose

Answer 13

glucose + fructose = sucrose

Question 14

what makes lactose

Answer 14

glucose + galctose = lactose

Question 15

what makes maltose

Answer 15

glucose + glucose = maltose

Question 16

RNA has what sugar

Answer 16

ribose

Question 17

DNA has what sugar

Answer 17

deoxyribose

Question 18

what is an example of a plant based storage of a carb

Answer 18

starch

Question 19

what is an example of a glycogen based storage of a carb

Answer 19

animal tissue

Question 20

all organic molecules must contain what three things

Answer 20

oxygen, carbon & hydrogen

Question 21

what are the four types of organic molecules

Answer 21

carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

Question 22

facts about lipids

Answer 22

no common chemical formula 
insoluable or slightly soulable with a polar solvent (water)
no charge 
neutral 
non polar and water fearing

Question 23

what do lipoproteins do

Answer 23

they move lipids through the blood specifically cholesterol

Question 24

types of lipids

Answer 24

tryglycerides
phospholipids
steroids

Question 25

tryglycerides

Answer 25

are a type of lipid found in your blood, neutral, large molecules that compact storage

Question 26

what are omega 3 and 6

Answer 26

fatty acids with anti inflammatory properties

Question 27

phospholipids

Answer 27

have a glycerol back bone the heads are polar and the tails are non polar and hydrophobic , make up the phospholipid bilayer and look like sperm cells

Question 28

what are steroids

Answer 28

lipids that are hormones, testosterone, progesterone

Question 29

cytoskeleton

Answer 29

is the structural "bones" of the cell

Question 30

what are the three parts of the cytoskeleton

Answer 30

microfilaments - smallest part that move muscles intermediate - middle sized, provide structure of the cell and resist pulling forces microtubules - largest which determine shape

Question 31

what does RACEE stand for

Answer 31

``` receptor afferent pathway control center efferent pathway effector ```

Question 32

HDL

Answer 32

high density lipoprotein | transport more protein then cholesterol

Question 33

LDL

Answer 33

low density lipoprotein | transport less protein then cholesterol

Question 34

what are DNA and RNA

Answer 34

nucleic acids

Question 35

dipepetide

Answer 35

combined amino acids

Question 36

proteins are

Answer 36

strings of amino acids that are not always simple most will be tertitary in structure

Question 37

to undue amino acids what must occur

Answer 37

hydrolysis to form one single amino agid

Question 38

why does your body need proteins

Answer 38

muscle formation transport between cells is part of the cell membrane

Question 39

enzymes play a large role in what

Answer 39

immunity

Question 40

steroids

Answer 40

``` sex hormones made by glands have to travel in the blood stream not water soluable common structure ```

Question 41

what are the tails of phospholipids

Answer 41

fatty acids that are hydrophobic

Question 42

phospholipids make up what

Answer 42

part of the cell membrane, and play a role in the structure

Question 43

lipids are

Answer 43

hydrophobic - think oil and water

Question 44

plasma layer

Answer 44

``` structure - 2 layer of lipids where proteins are inbedded function - external barrier, transports in and out of the cell ```

Question 45

cytoplasm

Answer 45

``` structure - region between the nuclear and plasma membranes function - consists of fluid containing dissolved solutes ```

Question 46

mitochondria

Answer 46

``` structure - rodlike, double membrane structures function - site of ATP synthesis - power house of the cell ```

Question 47

ribosomes

Answer 47

``` structure - dense particles made of RNA and protein fee or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulium function - ```

Question 48

ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 48

``` structure - membranous system enclosing cavity externally studded to ribosomes function - sugar groups are attached to proteins, synthesize phospholipids ```

Question 49

SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 49

``` structure - membranous system of tubules, free of ribosomes function - site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification ```

Question 50

Golgi apparatus

Answer 50

``` structure - a stack of flattened membranes and vesicles function - packages, modifies and segregates for protein secretion ```

Question 51

peroxisomes

Answer 51

``` structure - membranous sacs of catalase and oxidose enzymes function - detoxify number of toxic substances - CATALASE breaks down HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (liver of the cell ) ```

Question 52

lysosomes

Answer 52

``` structure - membranous sac containing acid hydrolases function - sites of intracellular digestion ```