final

Question 1

threshold

Answer 1

minimum strength of stimulus
required to create an action potential
- once thresthold is hit, All the voltage regulated channels open

Question 2

voltage regulated channels

Answer 2

not all VR channels open at the same voltage

uses positive feedback

Question 3

types of summation - temporal

Answer 3

refers to time
Graded potential lasts 10ms
1 synapse going off within 10 ms

Question 4

types of summation

Answer 4

spatial - multiple synapse firing

graded potential effects all within 10ms

Question 5

synaptic integration

Answer 5

when one cell has to decifer many different messages from multiple axons using summation

Question 6

summation

Answer 6

adding of graded potential in post synaptic cleft

Question 7

inhinbitory post synaptic potential - inhibitory synapse

Answer 7

a graded potential in a postsynaptic neuron that inhibits action potential generation; usually hyperpolarizing

makes it so muscle can relax and contract

Question 8

graded potential

Answer 8

any change made in the cell - lasts about 10ms

Question 9

graded potential to ——–> action potential

Answer 9

Na+ in the dendrites diffuse

Na+ is attracted to the start of the axon, which changes the potential and opens a few channels

if enough VR channels open you can reach threshold causing action to start

NA+ ions use electrical + concentration gradient

K+ only uses concentration

Question 10

synapse

Answer 10

functional junction or point of close

contact between neurons of between a neuron and effector cell

Question 11

chemical synapse

Answer 11

ap travels down axon till it reaches the end
causes VR Ca+ channels to open which causes vesicles to move and come in contact with the end of the axon

this causes neurotransmitters to release into the synaptic cleft

neurotransmitter attaches to chemically regulated channel in next neuron dendrite

Question 12

conduction velocity

Answer 12

how quickly an action potential can travel along the axon

Question 13

increasing conduction velocity

Answer 13

myelin: only creates AP in the gaps where the VR channels are located
diameter: fat diameter transmits faster

Question 14

stimulus intensity

Answer 14

is communicated by the frequency of the action potential

speed stays the same but you are stimulating more of them at once to increase intensity

Question 15

nerve

Answer 15

each axon has its own threshold - increased stimulus will cause more axons to fire

if large stimulus all axons fire continuously

Question 16

absolute refractory period

Answer 16

happens when you hit threshold
Na+ channels have opened and closed
impossible to create another action potential at this time
makes sure it travels in one direction

Question 17

relative refractory period

Answer 17

hard to create an AP at this time but can happen

Question 18

how does action potential travel

Answer 18

na+ starts being attracted to the negative/diffusing + setting other voltage regulated channels off

once the charge pass the VR Na+ channels they slam shut