Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > Learning outcomes 1-3 NURS 230 > Flashcards

Learning outcomes 1-3 NURS 230 Flashcards

1
Q

what is physiology?

A

physiology is the study of the body and it parts, The function of why things work the way they do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the structural levels of organization

A
  1. atoms
  2. molecules
  3. organelles
  4. cell
  5. tissues
  6. organ
  7. organ system
  8. organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many body systems are there

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name all the systems of the body

A 
integumentary 
skeletal
muscular 
nervous 
respiratory 
digestive 
urinary 
reproductive 
endocrine 
cardiovascular 
lymphatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is involved in the integumentary system

A

hair, nails, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is involved in the skeletal system

A

bones, joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is involved in the muscular system

A

skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is involved in the lymphatic system

A

red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels. thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is involved in the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, laraynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is involved in the digestive system

A

oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is homeostasis ?

A

The balance of substances in the body, with a rise comes a decline a bodily equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is involved in the nervous system

A

brain spinal cord, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is involved in the endocrine system

A

pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is involved in the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is involved in the urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is involved in the MALE reproductive system

A

prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is involved in the FEMALE reproductive system

A

mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are feedback loops controlled by

A

homeostasis controls feed back loops both negative and positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

explain what a negative feed back loop does

A

change variables back to there original state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is an example of a negative feedback loop

A

a home thermostat, blood sugar rise & fall, body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an example of a positive feedback loop

A

child birth - where the release of oxytocin creates contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

physiology =

A

how the body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pathophysiology =

A

when things go wrong in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the nervous system do

A

regulates things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

homeostasis

A

is the maintenance of constant physical and chemical conditions within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ECF stands for

A

Extra Cellular Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

extracellular fluid consists of

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ICF stands for

A

Intercellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

intercellular fluid - where is it located ?

A

Inside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

extracellular fluid - where is it located ?

A

outside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens when a cell needs more fluid?

A

cells will take care of themselves and get more fluid from the interstitial fluid if needed.

32
Q

what are the three components of negative feedback loops

A
  1. receptor - which detects change in temp
  2. control center
  3. effector
33
Q

what is a key fact about positive feed back loops

A

they must have an end, can be dangerous & need to be able to be turned off

34
Q

what are the four types of organic molecules

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. nucleic acid
35
Q

what compounds must all organic molecules contain

A

Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen

36
Q

what is the best way to consume glucose

A

starch - plant based

37
Q

what is a key fact about enzymes

A

ALL enzymes’ are proteins

38
Q

give three unique features of RNA

A
  1. Single strand
  2. one base is different (uracil)
  3. ribose is the sugar
    * can pass through the cell membrane *
    * mRNA & tRNA *
39
Q

describe cholesterol

A

4 rings, 3 of which have 6C , 1 has 5C and 1OH, very hydrophobic OH bond will give it a charge and be attached to the head of a phospholipid

40
Q

what are the functions (3) that steroids and cholesterol promote

A

stabilize the cell membrane, increase fluidity of the membrane, influences structure of the cell membrane. the more present the more rigid

41
Q

in a phospholipid describe the differences between head & tail

A

the tail is hydrophobic & the head is hydrophilic

42
Q

a carb + a protein =

A

glycoprotein

43
Q

a carb + a lipid =

A

glycolipid

44
Q

membrane can be influenced by bond. add double bonds to relax and insert kinks

A

fatty acids

45
Q

functions of proteins in the cell membrane

A
  1. they are carriers (glucose)
  2. ion transport channel - because of charge
  3. all enzymes are proteins
  4. are anchored to something
  5. act as receptors
  6. normally have a charge
46
Q

speed things up

A

enzymes

47
Q

facts about carbs

A

only on extracellular fluid side of the cell
long chains
messages and signals from the outside

48
Q

how do substances cross the cell membrane

A

through active and passive transport

49
Q

active transport

A

requires ATP

50
Q

passive process

A

does not require ATP, has its own kinetic energy

51
Q

types of passive transport (5)

A 
diffusion 
simple diffusion 
facilitated diffusion 
osmosis 
passive filtration
52
Q

types of active transport (1)

A

sodium potassium pump

53
Q

diffusion (2)

A

uses a concentration gradient

high to low

54
Q

simple diffusion

A 
crosses the phospholipid bilayer with ease 
small 
no charge 
often oxygen 
cellular respiration occurs 
brings oxygen in 
puts carbon dioxide out 
high to low
55
Q

facilitated diffusion

A 
requires a protein 
the way ions way 
allows larger charged molecules or ions to cross 
glucose uses this 
passive process 
high to low
56
Q

sodium in facilitated diffusion

A

high, outside of ECF, diffuses in

57
Q

potassium in facilitated diffusion

A

high, inside of ICF; diffuses out

58
Q

why are sodium & potassium so important in the body ?

A

they send electrical signals to the brain

59
Q

how do sodium levels effect your body

A

blood volume, which effects blood pressure

60
Q

carrier mediated

A

glucose - outside to inside

ecf to icf

61
Q

how doe glucose get into a cell

A

uses kinetic energy to rearrange and get it

62
Q

how is water diffused

A

osmosis

63
Q

osmosis

A

high to low water levels - ususally uses a channel due to changed properties but can also get through the phospholipid bilayer

64
Q

when water diffuses what is required

A

a protein channel, and a aqua protein

65
Q

passive filtration

A

no ATP needed
often occurs in the kidneys
requires a PRESSURE gradient
High to Low pressure

66
Q

active process

A

requires ATP

67
Q

active transport

A

movement from LOW to HIGH concentration

68
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

maintains homeostasis, pump uses ATP, active process, sodium (Na) ICF => ECF, potassium (K) ECF => ICF

69
Q

homeostasis is the maintenance of constant conditions in the ECF true or false

A

true

70
Q

extracellular fluid includes

A

interstitial fluid and plasma

71
Q

when you put a collection of cells together what do you form

A

a tissue

72
Q

negative feed back loops have 3 components, what are they

A

a receptor, an effector, and a control center

73
Q

the platelet plug is an example of what

A

a positive feedback loop

74
Q

when glucose levels in the body drop the pancreas responds by producing ….

A

glucogen, which is sent to the liver, glygogen production which lowers glucose

75
Q

organic molecules all contain which atom

A

carbon

76
Q

when you join small organic molecules together to make a larger molecule you use which process

A

dehydration synthesis

77
Q

key concepts for physiology are

A

homeostasis & proteins

physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions