OBJ 1.3 Flashcards
Preservation
One of the four approaches to the treatment of historic properties. Preservation focuses on maintenance and repair to ensure a building or monument stays as is.
Rehabilitation
One of the four approaches to the treatment of historic properties. Rehabilitation is the approach that recognizes the need to change or add to a historic property while maintaining the original.
Restoration
One of the four approaches to the treatment of historic properties. Restoration is when a property depicts a certain point in time and removes all other elements.
Reconstruction
One of the four approaches to the treatment of historic properties. Reconstruction recreates missing parts with new construction.
Restrictive, affirmative, and conditional covenants
Restrictive covenant: a type of deed restriction that implies limitations or stipulations to particular aesthetics or uses; often used in residential areas to control fencing type/color, boat storage, etc.
Affirmative covenant: a type of deed restriction that promises a responsibility or future action, such as paying HOA fees or holding adequate levels of insurance.
Conditional covenant: a type of deed restriction that, if broken, means the land will revert back to the original owner stated.
Note that all covenants are binding and enforceable.
Catchment areas
Surrounding base of a population within a geographical region. It includes gross population within a certain distance, census data, and information from local planning agencies.
Street-front pattern
This development type is linear, with houses and apartments lining both sides of the street.
End-on pattern
This development consists of rows of units located at right angles to the streets.
Court pattern
This development groups units to face a common open space.
Defensible space
As defined by Oscar Newman, it is a residential environment whose physical characteristics, building footprint, and site layout function to allow residents to become key agents in ensuring their security.
Garden city movement
Utopian city planning concept founded on the principles described in Sir Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities of To-Morrow. The concept is based on the idea that there are three “magnets” of living: town, country, and town-country. Self-contained communities of these three types are surrounded by green-builts and have proportionate areas of residential, industrial, and agricultural uses. The nodes are all connected by rail transit.
The neighborhood theory by Clarence Perry
An urban planning concept that promoted self-contained, functional neighborhoods within industrial cities. The concept promoted a school being centrally located within a 1/4 to 1/2 mile walk for children and where shopping, churches, and other community services would be placed on the edge of the neighborhood. Ten percent of the land would be dedicated to green/open space, and there would be no major traffic through residential areas.
Une Cite Industrielle by Tony Garnier
Urban planning concept that functions around the concept of a central public area surrounded by different functions housed in separate zones: industry, work, leisure, and transportation. This theory was developed in response to the industrial revolution, which brought overpopulation, dirt, and unrestricted urban growth.
The Image of the City by Kevin Lynch
An influential book about how people perceive and mentally organize space as they move through cities. It suggests that people organize a city based on the following elements:
- Paths: the streets, sidewalks, and trails that people use
- Edges: perceived boundaries (walls, shorelines, etc.)
- Districts: sections with distinguishable characteristics
- Nodes: focal points
- Landmarks: identifiable reference points
Cardo and decamanus
The two major streets in a Roman town that run perpendicular to each other.
