Obesity seminar Flashcards
5 ways in which obesity is defined
BMI waist:height ratio metlife tables body fat % increased body weight and increased body fat
What are metlife tables?
adjusts for frame size
desirable weight?
strict measurement protocol
impractical and no longer used
How is body fat percentage calculated?
bod pod
not measured directly
Is pear or apple shape linked with worse CV risk factors?
apple
Who is waist measurements inaccurate in?
heavier individuals
How is BMI calculated?
weight in kg
divided by height in metres squared
BMI classifications
<18 - underweight 18-24.9 = heathy 25-29.9 = overweight >30 = obese >40 - severely obese
What shape of curve does BMI and death follow?
j shaped
underweight eg anorexia
obese and overweight predominate
Limitations of BMI
muscle
pregnancy
amputation
Causes of obesity
energy intake > energy ouput
BMR decrease with age
individual influences
increased intake - internal and external factors
personal
social circumstances
Decreased output - internal and external factors
physical ability
availability
List some effects of obesity
diabetes hypertension cerebrovascular disease infertility restrictive lung disease colon cancer DVT, PE osteoarthritis
How we manage diabetes
prevention
lifestyle
pharmacotherapy
surgery
2 forms of bariatric surgery
gastric band
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Why does exercise and weight loss help improve insulin sensitivity?
visceral fat loss
reduced waist circumference
What makes up our assessment of an obese patient?
diet medical physical activity emotional wellbeing dietetic behaviour social expectations targets
What is a protein sparing modified fast
no more than 40g CHO per day
Advantages of protein sparing modified fast
ketosis and mobilisation of fat stores
hypothalamic satiating effect on amino acids
slower digestion and increased thermic effect
hypocaloric
Disadvantages of protein sparing modified fast
max of 12 weeks in type 2 DM
renal and liver function test
variable results
most patients regain the weight
