Obesity, Exercise and Health Flashcards
What happens when energy intake exceeds energy output?
Weight gain due to positive energy balance
What is obesity?
Excess body fat
Formula
BMI=BM/Height^2
Why is BMI not a good indicator of body fat?
Muscle is more dense than fat so muscular people with the same BMI as some one who is obese is wrong
Obesity stats
25-33% of Canadians are obese
Teenagers who are obese have an 80% chance of remaining obese
Children who are obese are more likely to be obese adults
Why is obesity a major public health concern?
Strongly linked to chronic disease
Cost $43 billion in 2001
What are some medical complications of obesity?
Pulmonary disease (abnormal function) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( steatosis) Gallbladder disease Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Gynecologic abnormalities (abnormal menstrual cycle) Cancer (breast and prostate) Stroke Cataracts
Why is there a upward trend in obesity?
Genetic make up has a strong influence
Environment has greatest impact
-Increase energy intake (large portions, energy dense food)
-Decrease EE (Less physical labour in daily lives, increase opportunity to be sedentary)
What can we do to decrease the trend?
PA w/out diet restrictions offers modest weight loss (more significant when PA is >250hrs/wk)
PA combined with diet provides more successful results
Weight loss as little as 3% is associated with favorable results
Physical Activity
Bodily movement that increases EE
Exercise
Planned, structured, and repetitive with goals
Physical Fitness
Ability to carry out daily task with vigour and alertness without fatigue and with ample energy
Skill related fitness
important in performing the more technical aspects of sports (balance, agility, reaction time, power)
Important as well for daily living, occupational tasks and at any age
Health related fitness
Contributes to overall health
Ability to carry out daily activities and decrease risk of developing disease
Physical Functioning
Capacity of an individual to carry out the physical activities of daily living
Reflects motor function and control, physical fitness and habitual physical activity
Predictor of functional independence, disability, morbidity and mortality
What are the benefits of health related fitness?
Cardiorespiratory fitness
increase VO2 max and anaerobic threshold
decrease work during submax exercise
What are the benefits of health related fitness?
Muscular strength and endurance
Increase strength, endurance, and muscle mass
Reduce risk of musculoskeletal disorder, pain and disability
What are the benefits of health related fitness?
Body composition
Decrease total body and intra-abdominal fat
increase muscle and bone mass
weight maintenance
What are the benefits of health related fitness?
Flexibiltiy
Enhance ROM, Postural stability, balance
What are the benefits of health related fitness?
Decrease all causes of mortality Decrease risk of chronic illneess Decrease BP and increase lipoprotein profile, C-reactive protein(inflammatory marker) Enhance insulin sensitivity Weight management Increase immune function Increase brain health
What happens if I don’t /stop exercise?
Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)
- sedentary living increases premature death
- Collection of health disorders caused by inactivity
- inactivity is modifiable
Prevention of chronic disease through exercise
Inactivity increases chronic diseases CVD (CAD, stroke and hypertension) Colo-rectal and breast cancer Type II diabetes Obesity Dementia and Alzheimer's Osteoporosis
Proposed mechanisms of exercise reduce risk of chronic diseases through…
Decrease abdominal adiposity and weight control Increase lipid profiles Decrease BP Increase cardiovascular function Increase insulin sensitivity Increase immune function Decrease inflammation increase brain health
Management benefits of exercise
decrease morbidity/ mortality slowed progression of disease increase physical functioning Increase QoL Decrease risk of chronic disease
