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PEDS 103 > Exercise > Flashcards

Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acute?

A

Single, isolated session that elicits transient physiological response

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2
Q

What is Chronic?

A

Repetition of single bouts
produce permanent physiological adaptations
Exercise training response

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3
Q

What are general responses to acute exercise?

A

Increased metabolism due to increased muscle contraction
Cardiovascular system increases to meet metabolic demand
Adjusting Q, blood flow and pressure

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4
Q

Acute

What is Resting Heart Rate?

A 
Average HR = 70 bpm
highly variable (40-100bpm)
Affected by 
-environment and stress
Decreases with age and increase cardiovascular fitness
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5
Q

Acute

What is the HR response to exercise?

A

HR increases at exercise onset
-Levels off during submax
-increases during graded exercise
Plateau at HR max

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6
Q

Acute

What is max HR?

A 
Highest HR is acheived during max
215-220 bpm
Declines with age
Sympathetic increases
Parasympathetic decreases
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7
Q 
Formula
HR
SV
Q
MABP
A

220-age
EDV-ESV
HR x SV
Q x TPR

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8
Q

Acute

Stroke Volume at rest

A

Blood pumped by one ventricle in a single contraction
Average is 70ml/beat
25% lower in women

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9
Q

Acute

Stroke Response to exercise

A

SV increases at exercise onset up to 40-60% max intensity
May increase up until max (depends on body position)
Major determinant of max cardiovascular work capacity

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10
Q

Three Mechanisms responsible for increasing SV

A

1) Frank-Starling Mechanism
2) Increased contractility due to sympathetic stimulation
3) Reduced TPR

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11
Q

1) Frank - Starling Mechanism

A

Increased venous return = increase blood prior to contraction
Increased EDV stretches (Preload)
Greater stretch = greater force
Increased SV

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12
Q

2) Increased contractility due to sympathetic stim

A

Independent of changes in EDV

Greater stretch - optimal length - greater contractility

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13
Q

3) Reduced TPR (After load)

A

Vasodilation in working muscles

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14
Q

Acute

What is Cardiac Output?

A

Volume of blood pumped/ventricle during a given period of time
Average 5ml/min
Indicator of cardiovascular systems capacity to meet exercise demands

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15
Q

Acute

Cardiac output during exercise

A

Increase during exercise with increase intensity
Amount of increase depend on trained state
Sedentary = 20L/min
Trained = 40L/min
When intensity exceed 40-60% max, Q increase is due to increased HR

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16
Q

Acute

Blood Flow

A

At rest muscles receive 20-25% of Q

During exercise muscles receive up to 90% of Q

17
Q

Acute

Blood Flow during exercise

A

Increase tissue metabolism
Increase release of metabolic vasodilators into ECF
Arterioles dilate
Decrease resistance = increase blood flow
O2 and nutrients supply to tissue increases as long as metabolism increases

18
Q

What is blood flow determined by?

Ateriole diameter is controlled by what?

A

Vessels resistance to flow
Tonic release of nor-epinephrine
(increased signal rate, blood vessels constrict, decrease signal = vessels dilate)

19
Q

Acute

Blood Pressure during exercise

A

Mean arterial BP rises slightly despite decrease resistance

Depends on type of exercise

20
Q

Acute

What are theories for increase in MAP without activating baroreceptors reflex?

A

Receptors threshold is reset to higher pressure
Central inhibition of afferent signal
Chemoreceptors sensitive to metabolites override barorecpetor reflex

21
Q

Chronic cardiovascular adaptations to training

Aerobic exercise training

A

Improve endurance

Important measure to assess endurance capacity is VO2 max

22
Q

What is VO2 max and what systems are involved?

A

The max intake, transportation and utilization of oxygen.

Integration of cardiovascular/respiratory and neuromuscular system

23
Q

What changes occur with increased VO2 max?

A 
HR
SV
Q
Heart size
BP
Blood flow
Blood volume
24
Q

Chronic

Hear rate

A

Decrease with endurance training
Highly trained have bradycardia
Increase in parasympathetic activity
Decrease in SA node firing

25
Q

Chronic

Submax HR

A

Decreases with training

Heart does not beat as fast for same amount of work

26
Q

Chronic

Maximal HR

A

Remains unchanged or slightly decreased

27
Q

Chronic

Stoke volume

A

Increased at rest, submax and max

28
Q

Chronic

What causes the increase in SV

A 
Greater EDV (increased volume and filling time)
Increase in ventricle size
29
Q

Chronic

Cardiac Output

A

Remains unchanged at rest and during submax exercise

Increases at max due to increased SV (HR max remains changed)

30
Q

More filling time
Larger ventricles
More blood volume

A

More time between beats
Greater stretch/ preload
Greater stretch= greater force

Over all the heart is better at getting blood from the heart to the body

31
Q

What happen to heart size?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy is a result from training
-Increase wall thickness
-Increase in cavity size
Depends on overload stimulus

32
Q

What is pressure overload?

A

pressure due to afterload as a result of strength training
Heart contracts harder against resistance
Concentric hypertrophy

33
Q

What is volume overload?

A

Volume due to high preload and amount of blood passing through
Increased stretch = increased size
Eccentric hypertrophy

34
Q

What cavity of the heart changes the most?

A

Left ventricle because of increased filling. Mostly cavity size increase in endurance but there is some wall size increase

35
Q

Chronic

Blood Pressure

A

Both systolic and diastolic decrease at rest
Most pronounced in people with hypertension
Reduces sympathetic hormones
May decrease during submax

36
Q

Chronic

Blood Flow

A

Increases with training

  • increased max Q
  • increase blood volume
  • more effective blood distribution
  • increased capillarization
37
Q

Chronic

Blood Volume

A 
Increase with training due to increased plasma
RBC increase (decrease hematocrit though b/c plasma increases more)
38
Q

What does increased blood volume do?

A

Enhances thermoregulation and circulation and facilitates in O2 delivery
contributes to eccentric hypertophy and increases SV

PEDS 103 (8 decks)

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