Obesity Flashcards
Define obesity?
A person who is obese is an individual who is very overweight with a lot of body fat.
Wheat does BMI stand for and how is it calculated?
Body mass index, which is calculated by weight(kg) / height(cm^2)
What is the BMI range of and overweight and obese person?
Overweight = 25-29.9 Obese= 30-34.9
What are the causes of obesity?
Calorific intake, poor diet, Lack of exercise and activity, Genetics, Medical reasons.
An average man needs 2500 calories and women need 2000 calories.
Having large amount of alcohol,sweets, processed foods, sugary drinks, as well as having large portions causes obesity.
Doing little exercise, having a sedentary lifestyle and use of cars instead of walking.
There are very few genetic diseases that cause obesity other than Prader- Willi syndrome.
Certain medications contribute to obesity such as steroids, epileptic diabetes and mental health medications.
What is a negative energy balance?
When expenditure is greater then consumption so we see weight loss.
What is a positive energy balance?
When expenditure is lower than consumption so we see weight gain.
Where do our calories go? Give the 3 main categories.
8% Thermic effect of food and thermoregulation.
20-40% physical activity and recovery from it.
55% basal energy expenditure
Why is the risk of strokes increased if you are obese?
Increased cholesterol which increase your blood pressure and chance of strokes.
Why are obese people more likely to experience pancreatitis?
Because fat irritates the pancreas. Which also links to the diabetes element as this would damage the beta cells.
What is phlebitis (Veinitis) and how is it caused?
Inflammation of the walls of the veins due to venous return being not so good meaning there is more blood pooling which irritates the veins.
What is gout?
Gout is when poor eating habits with foods contains high Uric acid which will cause crystals to form in your feet.
How does obesity affect the skin?
Increase likely hood of friction within the skin, as well as folds within the skin which will cause damp skin leading to fungal infections and sores.
What gynaecological abnormalities may occur due to obesity?
Women may not have regular periods, meaning hormone levels fluctuate. Also the larger the abdomen the more likely a women is to prolapse meaning the womb and bladder may be pushed out.
Polycystic ovaries is more likely.
Obesity leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, what is this?
It is when the liver changes under fatty conditions leading to inflammation which causes cirrhosis and hardening of the liver, which in turn affects breathing as the diaphragm can’t flatten and pull down properly due to the hard liver.
What are the health implications of obesity?
Strokes, Cataracts, Coronary heart disease, Diabetes, Pancreatitis, Cancer, Phlebitis, Gout, Skin, Osteoarthritis, Gall bladder disease, Liver disease, Pulmonary disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Mood disorders, Reproductive disorders, MSK issues,
