obesity Flashcards
- AAP reaffirms its recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for how long?
- It is followed by breastfeeding in combination with introduction of complementary foods until at least what age?
- first 6 months
- 12 months
breastfeeding advantages
- emotional connection between mom and baby
- Protective effect against rsp illnesses, ear infections, GI dz, and allergies (asthma, eczema and atopic dermatitis)
- Reduces risk of SIDS (by over ⅓)
- decr obesity
- decr risk for mother for postpartum hemorrhage, longer amenorrhea, ovarian and premenopausal breast CA and possibly reduced risk of osteoporosis
Breastfeeding Disadvantages
- Maternal fatigue
- Medications that mother may not be able to take due to breastfeeding
- Special dietary issues
- Latching issues / pain
- Avoid in alcoholic mother or drug abuse
- Vit D_ supplementation
How Often and How Much Should Your Baby Eat?
Babies should be fed whenever they seem hungry.
How do I know when the baby is hungry?
Hunger cues
- will cry MC
- best to watch for hunger cues before the baby starts crying, which is a late sign of hunger and can make it hard for them to settle down and eat.
name some hunger cues
- Licking lips
- Sticking tongue out
- Rooting (moving jaw and mouth or head in search of breast)
- Putting his/her hand to mouth repeatedly
- Opening her mouth
- Fussiness
- Sucking on everything around
T/F: every time the baby cries or sucks it is always because they are hungry
F - Not always; Babies suck not only for hunger, but also for comfort
Most newborns eat every ___ to ____ hours, or ___ to ____ times every 24 hours.
- 2 to 3 hours
- 8 to 12
At about 2 months of age, babies usually take ? ounces per feeding every ? hours.
2 to 4
3 to 4
At 4 months, babies usually take ? ounces per feeding.
4 to 6
At 6 months, babies may be taking up to ? ounces every ? hours.
8
4 to 5
Most babies will increase the amount of formula they drink by an average of ? ounce each month before leveling off at about ? ounces per feeding.
1
7 to 8
Overfed babies can have what s/s?
what are they at higher risk for in later life?
stomach pains, gas, spit up or vomit and be at higher risk for obesity later in life
T/F: It’s better to offer less feeding to the baby
T
- Babies are usually pretty good at eating the right amount. Infants who are bottle feeding may be more likely to overfeed
- since you can always give more if your baby wants it. This also gives babies time to realize when they’re full.
what is a good indicator of whether he or she is getting enough to eat?
newborn’s diaper
In the first few days after birth, a baby should have ? wet diapers each day. After the first 4 to 5 days, a baby should have at least ? wet diapers a day.
2 to 3
5 to 6
if babies stay in healthy growth percentile ranges, what does that indicate about the amount of food theyre getting during feedings?
they are probably getting a healthy amount of food during feedings.
- The current AAP recommendation is that all infants and children should have a minimum intake of ? of vitamin D per day beginning soon after birth.
- How long should babies be on this regimen until?
- 400 IU
- should continue until they are weaned to at least 1 qt (1 L) of whole milk per day (Whole milk should not be used until after 12 months of age).
babies on formula do NOT need vitamin D supp if they are drinking at least how muc formula?
- 32 ounces
- All formula has at least 400 IU/L of vitamin D already
- Whole milk should not be used until after 12 months of age
recommendations for iron supp in breastfed babies
1 mg/kg/day of a liquid iron supplement until iron-containing solid foods are introduced at about six months of age.
iron supp recommendations for formula fed babies
use iron-fortified formula (containing from 4 to 12 mg of iron) from birth - first year of life.
Infants will lose up to ?% of their birth weight, which should be regained by ? days
7
10-14
Follow-up newborn visit or weight check should be performed in office ? days after birth
3-5
Infants must gain ? grams per day (100 - 120 cal / kg / day needed)
15
what is not needed for formula fed babies compared to breastfed babies?
No other vitamin or mineral supplement is needed
No food products, only formula until ? months.
why?
- 4 months
- Oropharyngeal coordination is immature before 3 months of age, too early to introduce solid foods
how to introduce food products afte baby is 4 months old?
- Start single grain rice cereal at 4 months of age, in a spoon, twice daily
- If tolerated can progress to mixed cereals later weeks (oat, corn, wheat and soy)
- Baby foods at 6 months - fruits and veggies, new food every 3-4 days
- No meats until 9 months
4 signs of Readiness for Complementary foods:
- Able to hold head up
- Able to sit unassisted
- Brings objects to mouth showing interest in foods
- Ability to track spoon and open the mouth
what commen allergenic foods should be introduced when other complementary foods are introduced
peanuts, egg, cow milk products, tree nuts, wheat, crustacean shellfish, fish, and soy
- peanut-containing foods in 1st yr reduces the risk of a food allergy to peanuts.
- Cow milk, as a beverage, should be introduced at >12 months
earliest age of peanut introduction in severe eczema, egg allergy, or both?
4-6 months
earliest age of peanut introduction in mild-moderate eczema?
~6 months
earliest age of peanut introduction if no eczema or any food allergy?
age appropriate and in accordance w/ family and culture
In toddlers - Milk consumption limited to ? oz per day
16
when can you introduce skin or 2% milk?
> 2 y/o
how many meals for a child age 2 y/o?
three healthy meals plus two snacks a day
toddlers will have a sharp drop in appetite when?
after 1st bday - growth rate has slowed, and really doesn’t require as much food now.
what age for 1/2 of flintstone vitamin?
18 months
healthy habits to keep in mind for child nutrition
- children responsible for deciding what and how much they want to eat from what they are offered
- do not reward w/ food
- do not eat and watch TV
recommendations for carbohydrate intake in child nutrition
- 55 - 60% of daily calories
- ½ of all grains should be whole grains
- High fiber foods
recommendations for fat intake in child nutrition
- < 30% of total calories
- Saturated and polyunsaturated fats = < 10% total calories each
What Snacks Toddlers Should Avoid:
Big chunks of any food in < 4y/o - choking hazards
Heavily processed foods
