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BioChem > Obesity 1-2 > Flashcards

Obesity 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Obesity is diagnosed by what

A

BMI and waist circumference
WC>40 in men
WC>35 in women
-best if used together

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2
Q

Gold standard to diagnose obesity

A

Dual energy Xray absorption

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3
Q

What percentage of american adults are overweight or obese

A

2/3

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4
Q

Complications with obesity

A

T2 diabetes
Cardiovascular problems

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5
Q

Metabolic syndrome precedes what

A

diabetes

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6
Q

Metabolic syndrome predisposes people to what conditions

A

CVD & diabetes

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7
Q

Met syndrome diagnosis

A

3 of 5
Waist circumference
Hyperglycemia (>100 FBG)
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension

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8
Q

Cause of Met syndrome

A

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

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9
Q

Met syndrome is associated with

A

Obesity that predisposes people to CVD and diabetes

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10
Q

Diabetes can cause

A

Neuropathy, retinopathy (blindness), circulation problems, nephropathy, CVD!

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11
Q

Diabetes is characterized by what

A

HYPERGLYCEMIA

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12
Q

Diabetic FBG/ RBG

A

Normal 80-100
Prediabetic 100-125
Diabetic >125
RBG>200 random blood glucose

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13
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance causes hyperglycemia

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14
Q

Type 2 diabetes- obese?

A

Pts are often obese and sedentary (not all though)

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15
Q

What diagnosis comes before Type 2 diabetes

A

Metabolic syndrome

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16
Q

Insulin is what kind of hormone/ secreted from where

A

Anabolic hormone that signals fed state
Secreted by beta cells of pancreas

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17
Q

Insulin inhibits what

A

Glucagon, gluconeogenesis/ ketogenesis, lipolysis

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18
Q

Glucagon is what kind of hormone/ secreted from where

A

Catabolic hormone
secreted from Alpha cells of pancreas

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19
Q

Glucagon stimulates what

A

glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis

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20
Q

Obese people and insulin secretion

A

Obese people secrete more insulin to have same effect on blood levels than normal people

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21
Q

Hemoglobin A1C

A

Diagnostic of DM when over 6.5%
Provides estimate of glucose levels from last 3 months

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22
Q

Metformin

A

Inhibits gluconeogenesis

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23
Q

If metformin isnt working what comes next

A

Injections of insulin

24
Q

Obesity can have what effect on liver

A

Nonalcoholic liver disease- accumulation of TAG in liver, higher risk for liver cancer/ cirrhosis

25
Q

Most widely prescribed medication?

26
Q

Genetic factors of obesity

A

Adopted children resemble biological parents

27
Q

SNP’s can cause

28
Q

Leptin is made from where

A

Adipose tissue

29
Q

Do obese people have leptin

A

they have more leptin, but have developed leptin resistance (like insulin)

30
Q

Leptin signals what

31
Q

What is the cause of obesity

A

Not a single cause
due to genetic / behavioral/ environmental

32
Q

Genetics can play what role in obesity

A

Can predispose someone to obesity

33
Q

Android (apple)

A

Higher risk of developing chronic conditions
WHR>.8 women
WHR>1.0 men

34
Q

Android tissue

A

High rates of lipolysis, promotes release of FFA, promotes release of Leptin

35
Q

Gynoid (pear shaped)

A

Decreased risk for chronic conditions
Lower body obesity

36
Q

Gynoid tissue

A

Larger adipocytes
Lower rates of lipolysis
FFA released into blood and used for energy by muscle but NOT LIVER

37
Q

Increasing size of adipocytes

A

Hypertrophy

38
Q

Increasing number of adipocytes

A

hyperplasia

39
Q

Adipose tissue behaves like

40
Q

Adipose tissue releases

A

ADIPOKINES

41
Q

Adipokines effect what

A

appetite, satiety, inflammation

42
Q

Leptin

A

Suppresses appetite

43
Q

Insulin

A

Suppresses appetite

44
Q

Ghrelin- where does it come from

A

Increases appetite
Stomach

45
Q

Adiponectin comes from where

A

Adipocytes

46
Q

Obese people have what levels of these hormones

A

Increased leptin (but less response)
Increased insulin (less response)
Decreased ghrelin
Decreased adiponectin

47
Q

Leptin comes from where

A

Adipocytes
signals satiety

48
Q

Adiponectin signals satiety by inhibiting

A

Orexigenic signalling

49
Q

Orexigenic

A

stimulates hunger

50
Q

Anorexigenic

A

Stimulates satiety

51
Q

Leptin is assoc with what

A

Fat mass, higher in obese people ( but they have leptin resistance)

52
Q

Hunger hormone

53
Q

Obese people have what levels of ghrelin

A

Reduced levels

54
Q

Ghrelin is what kind of hormone

A

Orexigenic

55
Q

Obese people have what levels of adiponectin

A

LOWER- but made in adipocytes

BioChem (6 decks)

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