Malnutrition Flashcards
Malnutrition is defined as
not receiving the requirements to grow and reproduce- over/under nutrition
Whos at risk for undernutrition
Children, poverty, sock people, old people, alcohol/drug abusers
Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency- carbohydrate based diet
Kwashiorkor symptoms
Acute (develops quickly)
Decreased albumin
skin lesions
EDEMA
Kwashiorkor- what kind of malnutrition
NON-ADAPTIVE
Kwashiorkor- mortality
High mortality
Marasmus
Chronic caloric deprivation - not just protein
Marasmus symptoms
Anemia, no edema, immune system is fine, muscle/ fat wasting (cachexia)
Marasmus- what kind of response
ADAPTIVE
Marasmus- mortality
Low mortality
Fasting triggers what
Oxidation of FFA and ketosis to provide energy
Starvation can cause what
Anemia
Fat supplies what kind of energy
FFA—> energy
FFA—> ketones—> energy
Acute starvation (1-3 days)
Amino acids from muscles, gluconeogenesis provides glucose for brain
Chronic starvation (10-15 days)
FFA + glycerol help liver, KETOGENESIS, ketones supply brain/ kidneys/muscle
BMI scales
25> normal
25< overweight
30< obese
40< morbidly obese
BMI is determined by
Mortality rates
Screening for malnutrition
If patient is 70< screen automatically
Albumin half life
about 21 days
Albumin is what kind of reactant
Negative acute phase reactant
Albumin can be low form what
Liver failure, kidney failure, malnutrition, infection
Prealbumin half life
about 3 days
What is made in the liver
Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein
What is the only positive acute phase reactant
C-reactive protein
What cause C-reactive protein to be high
Infection, inflammation
What is C-reactive protein levels used for
to validate tests from albumin/ prealbumin/transferrin levels
Albumin levels will appear normal if
Youre dehydrated or have inflammation
Treatment of PEM
Slow increase in food/ protein intake
Avoid refeeding syndrome (hypophasphatemia)
Consequences of refeeding syndrome
Could cause death
