Malnutrition

Question 1

Malnutrition is defined as

Answer 1

not receiving the requirements to grow and reproduce- over/under nutrition

Question 2

Whos at risk for undernutrition

Answer 2

Children, poverty, sock people, old people, alcohol/drug abusers

Question 3

Kwashiorkor

Answer 3

Protein deficiency- carbohydrate based diet

Question 4

Kwashiorkor symptoms

Answer 4

Acute (develops quickly)
Decreased albumin
skin lesions
EDEMA

Question 5

Kwashiorkor- what kind of malnutrition

Answer 5

NON-ADAPTIVE

Question 6

Kwashiorkor- mortality

Answer 6

High mortality

Question 7

Marasmus

Answer 7

Chronic caloric deprivation - not just protein

Question 8

Marasmus symptoms

Answer 8

Anemia, no edema, immune system is fine, muscle/ fat wasting (cachexia)

Question 9

Marasmus- what kind of response

Answer 9

ADAPTIVE

Question 10

Marasmus- mortality

Answer 10

Low mortality

Question 11

Fasting triggers what

Answer 11

Oxidation of FFA and ketosis to provide energy

Question 12

Starvation can cause what

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

Fat supplies what kind of energy

Answer 13

FFA—> energy
FFA—> ketones—> energy

Question 14

Acute starvation (1-3 days)

Answer 14

Amino acids from muscles, gluconeogenesis provides glucose for brain

Question 15

Chronic starvation (10-15 days)

Answer 15

FFA + glycerol help liver, KETOGENESIS, ketones supply brain/ kidneys/muscle

Question 16

BMI scales

Answer 16

25> normal
25< overweight
30< obese
40< morbidly obese

Question 17

BMI is determined by

Answer 17

Mortality rates

Question 18

Screening for malnutrition

Answer 18

If patient is 70< screen automatically

Question 19

Albumin half life

Answer 19

about 21 days

Question 20

Albumin is what kind of reactant

Answer 20

Negative acute phase reactant

Question 21

Albumin can be low form what

Answer 21

Liver failure, kidney failure, malnutrition, infection

Question 22

Prealbumin half life

Answer 22

about 3 days

Question 23

What is made in the liver

Answer 23

Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein

Question 24

What is the only positive acute phase reactant

Answer 24

C-reactive protein

Question 25

What cause C-reactive protein to be high

Answer 25

Infection, inflammation

Question 26

What is C-reactive protein levels used for

Answer 26

to validate tests from albumin/ prealbumin/transferrin levels

Question 27

Albumin levels will appear normal if

Answer 27

Youre dehydrated or have inflammation

Question 28

Treatment of PEM

Answer 28

Slow increase in food/ protein intake
Avoid refeeding syndrome (hypophasphatemia)

Question 29

Consequences of refeeding syndrome

Answer 29

Could cause death