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BioChem > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol becomes what

A

Preferred fuel displacing other fuels

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2
Q

How much is lost in breath/ urine

A

2-10%

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3
Q

Where is ethanol distributed in the body

A

Evenly distributed through the aqueous phase of the body

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4
Q

How does ethanol cross cell membrane

A

Doesnt need transport proteins

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5
Q

What percentage is oxidized in the liver

A

80-90%

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6
Q

Alcohol is absorbed fast but

A

metabolized slowly

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7
Q

Where is alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Stomach and liver

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8
Q

Where is MEO’s

A

Liver only

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9
Q

ADH produces what

A

Ethanol—> acetaldehyde

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10
Q

Where does first pass metabolism occur

A

Stomach

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11
Q

Acetaldehyde is produced by what

A

ADH & MEO’s

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12
Q

What does first pass metabolism do

A

decreases the bioavailability of ethanol and represents a protective barrier- when small amount is present

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13
Q

Gastric barrier is lost when

A

Alcohol dependence

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14
Q

Blood levels are higher in who

A

women

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15
Q

Who has more ADH activity?

A

Men

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16
Q

Who has higher BAC levels

A

women due to less ADH

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17
Q

Metabolic effect of ADH

A

Generation of NADH in liver

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18
Q

Why is NADH accumulation bad

A

Because there needs to be an equal balance between NADH/NAD+ so NAD+ can go to ETC for energy

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19
Q

Lactic acidosis reduces what

A

Kidneys capacity to excrete uric acid — leading to secondary hyperuricemia

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20
Q

Alcohol consumption can precipitate what

A

Gouty attacks

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21
Q

Why are citric acid cycle reactions slowed

A

Because of reduction of NAD+

22
Q

What can happen with acute alcohol intoxication

A

Hypoglycemia

23
Q

Ingestion of ethanol preferentially turns pyruvate to what

A

Lactate

24
Q

Why is Lactate to pyruvate decreased

A

because of lack of NAD+

25
Q

Pyruvate doesnt turn to ______ when alcohol is present

A

Glucose- can result in hypoglycemia

26
Q

How do you induce MEOs in the liver

A

Drink more often

27
Q

Is hepatic ADH inducible?

A

NO, MEO’s are though

28
Q

What accumulates in the liver?

A

NADPH and NADP+

29
Q

Km for hepatic ADH

A

1-10mg- high affinity

30
Q

MEO’s belong to what class

A

cytochrome P450s (2E1)

31
Q

Km for 2E1?

A

50-80mg- low affinity

32
Q

When ia 2E1 most effective?

A

When large amounts of alcohol are present

33
Q

Who is 2E1 most effective for

A

People with alcohol dependence

34
Q

When is gastric ADH decreased

A

People with alcohol dependence

35
Q

When there are more 2E1’s what happens

A

More toxic byproducts

36
Q

When gastric ADH is decreased what happens

A

All alcohol goes to the liver

37
Q

More MEO’s mean what

A

Enhanced metabolism of alcohol BUT also enhanced metabolism of drugs

38
Q

Effects of Tylenol and ethanol are synergistic because they reduce what

A

Levels of glutathione

39
Q

In the presence of high amount of 2E1 Tylenol is broken down to what

A

NAPQ1- toxic metabolite

40
Q

Increased 2E1 may account for what

A

More cancer, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia

41
Q

Ethanol is converted to what

A

Equal amounts of Acetaldehyde and acetate

42
Q

What is aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDL)

A

Mito enzyme with a low Km for acetaldehyde

43
Q

Chronic consumption of ethanol on ALDL

A

Reduced

44
Q

ALDL catalyzes what reaction

A

Acetaldehyde + NAD+—–> acetate + NADH

45
Q

High levels of Acetaldehyde lead to what

A

Effect on proteins and other molecules due to excess free-radical

46
Q

What organs does alcohol effect

A

Every organ for nutrient absorption

47
Q

People with alcohol use disorder display what

A

secondary malnutrition from maldigestion and malabsorption

48
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is assoc. with what deficiency

A

Thiamine

49
Q

Alcoholics can have deficiencies in what vitamins

A

Thiamine, folic acid, pyridoxine, vitmain A

50
Q

Alcohol oxidation by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase results in a

A

Decrease in Pyruvate

BioChem (6 decks)

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