Minerals Flashcards
Macrominerals RDA
> 100 mg per day
Microminerals RDA
1-100 mg per day
Ultra trace minerals RDA
<1 mg per day
All macrominerals
Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium, Na/Cl, potassium
All Microminerals
Copper, Zinc, chromium, fluorine
All ultra trace minerals
Iodine, Selenium
Most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium
Hydroxylapatite is a combo of what
Calcium and phosphorus
Hydroxylapatite is found where
bones and teeth
Hypercalcemia can cause what
constipation
Hypocalcemia is from what
Low PTH or vitamin D
Calcitriol is produced from where for what
Kidneys to increase calcium
When is PTH released
In response to low calcium
Calcitonin does what
Lowers calcium levels
PTH is responsible for what
Calcium homeostasis
Who is most at risk for osteoporosis
Post- menopausal women
Main calcium storage site
Bones
Most abundant intracellcular ANION
Phosphorus
Most phosphorus is in what form
Hydroxylapatite
Hypophosphatemia is common in who
Malnourished (refeeding syndrome)
Hyperphosphatemia is caused by what
low PTH (hypoparathyroidism)
What macromineral is used by almost all kinases
Magnesium
What is seen in people with hypermagnesemia
Hypotension
Most abundant extracellular electrolyte
Na/Cl
Na is required for what
Intestinal absorption of glucose, galactose, amino acids, FFA
Increased Na results in what
Water retention- increases plasma volume/ increased BP
Primary intracellular electrolyte
Potassium
Copper is required for what
iron transport and destruction of free radicals, FERROXIDASES
Menkes syndrome
Cu deficiency
Wilson disease
Impairment of excess Cu from liver
Zinc has what role
immune system and proteins/ enzymes
Chromium assoc with what
insulin
Fluorine does what
strengthens teeth
Iodine helps synthesize what
Thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
Underproduction of TH
Enlarged thyroid
Selenium is involved with what
Metabolism of glutathione and thyroid hormone
