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BioChem > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Macrominerals RDA

A

> 100 mg per day

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2
Q

Microminerals RDA

A

1-100 mg per day

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3
Q

Ultra trace minerals RDA

A

<1 mg per day

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4
Q

All macrominerals

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium, Na/Cl, potassium

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5
Q

All Microminerals

A

Copper, Zinc, chromium, fluorine

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6
Q

All ultra trace minerals

A

Iodine, Selenium

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7
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium

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8
Q

Hydroxylapatite is a combo of what

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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9
Q

Hydroxylapatite is found where

A

bones and teeth

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10
Q

Hypercalcemia can cause what

A

constipation

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11
Q

Hypocalcemia is from what

A

Low PTH or vitamin D

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12
Q

Calcitriol is produced from where for what

A

Kidneys to increase calcium

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13
Q

When is PTH released

A

In response to low calcium

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14
Q

Calcitonin does what

A

Lowers calcium levels

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15
Q

PTH is responsible for what

A

Calcium homeostasis

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16
Q

Who is most at risk for osteoporosis

A

Post- menopausal women

17
Q

Main calcium storage site

A

Bones

18
Q

Most abundant intracellcular ANION

A

Phosphorus

19
Q

Most phosphorus is in what form

A

Hydroxylapatite

20
Q

Hypophosphatemia is common in who

A

Malnourished (refeeding syndrome)

21
Q

Hyperphosphatemia is caused by what

A

low PTH (hypoparathyroidism)

22
Q

What macromineral is used by almost all kinases

A

Magnesium

23
Q

What is seen in people with hypermagnesemia

A

Hypotension

24
Q

Most abundant extracellular electrolyte

A

Na/Cl

25
Q

Na is required for what

A

Intestinal absorption of glucose, galactose, amino acids, FFA

26
Q

Increased Na results in what

A

Water retention- increases plasma volume/ increased BP

27
Q

Primary intracellular electrolyte

A

Potassium

28
Q

Copper is required for what

A

iron transport and destruction of free radicals, FERROXIDASES

29
Q

Menkes syndrome

A

Cu deficiency

30
Q

Wilson disease

A

Impairment of excess Cu from liver

31
Q

Zinc has what role

A

immune system and proteins/ enzymes

32
Q

Chromium assoc with what

A

insulin

33
Q

Fluorine does what

A

strengthens teeth

34
Q

Iodine helps synthesize what

A

Thyroid hormone

35
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Underproduction of TH
Enlarged thyroid

36
Q

Selenium is involved with what

A

Metabolism of glutathione and thyroid hormone

BioChem (6 decks)

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